Spanish American War. Chapter 5 Section 2 Pages

Transcription

1 Spanish American War { Chapter 5 Section 2 Pages

2 CAUSES Revolts in the Philippines and Cuba Guerilla forces fighting for Independence from Spain Spain is unwilling to give up the colonies it has left Spain concentrates Cuba s population into cities Disease, starvation, execution of rebels, destruction of infrastructure Cuban rebels had mostly defeated the Spanish by 1897

3 CAUSES Yellow Journalism Hearst and Pulitzer exaggerate the atrocities being committed in Cuba by the Spanish to sway public opinion in favor of intervention

4 CAUSES Imperialism Cuba negotiates for US intervention US eyes the opportunity for new markets and raw materials US Demonstrates military strength

5 CAUSES USS Maine Battleship in Havana Harbor Feb 15, 1898 explosion sank the ship 266 US Sailors died Controversy -Spanish mines, Dynamite fire in a coal bin Hearst and Pulitzer propagandized the event Destruction of the War Ship Maine was the Work of the Enemy! New York Journal

6 CAUSES de Lome Letter Written by Enrique Dupuy de Lome Addressed to friend in Cuba and stolen from mail Offended Americans Called President McKinley weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politician Intensified Anti-Spanish feelings

7 Calls for War President McKinley does not want war too costly Asked Spain if the US could help negotiate an end to the conflict Spain told Cuba they could have their own government but must remain part of Spanish empire Cuba says No!

8 Calls for War After the USS Maine explodes McKinley goes to Congress Congress authorizes $50 million for war preparations Republican party pressures McKinley into war April 19, 1898 Congress proclaimed Cuba independent and demanded Spain withdraw from Cuba April 24- Spain declares war on the US

9 Battle of Manila Bay May Naval battle between US and Spanish navies in Manila Bay of the Philippines US forces led by Commodore George Dewey aboard the USS Olympia defeats the Spanish Casualties: US 9 wounded Spanish 161 dead, 210 wounded 3 Spanish ships sunk

10 Battle of Las Guasimas First battle of the Cuban campaign Spanish army was entrenched at Las Guasimas Rough Riders and Buffalo Soldiers were ordered to remove the Spanish from their entrenchments Spanish forces pepper US troops with gunfire and retreat in the direction of Santiago Casualties: US 16 killed, 54 wounded Spanish 10 killed, 24 wounded

11 Battle of El Caney and San Juan Hill July 1, 1898 San Juan Hill 800 Spanish soldiers were entrenched on San Juan Hill just outside Santiago 15,000 US soldiers lead an assault on San Juan Hill on their way to Santiago Rough Riders under the cover of the Buffalo Soldiers take Kettle Hill next to San Juan Hill Rest of American forces take San Juan Hill after a bloody conflict US forces suffer 3 times the losses of the Spanish US 124 dead, 817 wounded Spanish 58 dead, 178 wounded, 39 captured

12 Battle of El Caney and San Juan Hill July 1, 1898 El Caney Spanish forces were ordered to slow the American advance on San Juan Hill and Santiago Spanish held 8,000 Americans for over 12 hours Casualties: US 81 dead, 360 wounded Spanish 38 dead, 138 wounded, 130 captured

13 Siege of Santiago July 3, 1898 Last major battle in the Cuban campaign US begins the siege using artillery and cutting off supplies July 4, 1898 A cease fire was enacted to evacuate 20,000 citizens from Santiago July 17, 1898 Spanish forces in Cuba surrender to the US

14 The Soldiers The average soldier in the Spanish- American War had the following characteristics Height 67.5 inches Weight 147 pounds Age 27 years

15 The Rough Riders 1 st US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment Roosevelt s Rough Riders Theodore Roosevelt resigned as Secretary of the Navy and volunteered in the army, serves as a Lt. Colonel Commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood Ranch hands, Ivy League athletes, cowboys, policemen, and east-coast polo players Most were recruited by Roosevelt Official strength was just over 1,000 men

16 The Rough Riders Trained in San Antonio, Texas before deployment Rigorous training for a month at Camp Wood Deployed to Cuba on June 22, 1898 from Tampa First action at the Battle of Las Guasimas Outnumbered and forced a retreat of Spanish Troops Most known for the Battle of San Juan Hill Suffered a casualty rate of 37% during the war Most due to malaria, including Roosevelt

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18 Buffalo Soldiers African American soldiers of the US 10 th Calvary Regiment Eventually included US 9 th Calvary, 24 th Calvary, and 25 th Calvary Formed on September 21, 1866 at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas First peacetime all-black regiment Origin of the nickname Hair of the troops resembled the mane of the buffalo Fought with the ferocity, strength, and stamina of the buffalo Fought in the Indian Wars prior to service in Spanish-American War Participated with the Rough Riders in the Battle of San Juan Hill Earned 5 Medals of Honor during the Spanish-American War

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20 An American Empire Treaty of Paris Cuba = Independence Spain gives US Guam and Puerto Rico Philippines????

21 An American Empire Annexation Support economic and military benefits US would have another Pacific naval base, a stopover on the way to China Large market for US goods America had duty to help less civilized

22 An American Empire Annexation Not everyone supported William Jennings Bryan (Populist Party), Andrew Carnegie (Social Gospel), Jane Addams (Hull House), Samuel Clemens (writer, Mark Twain), Samuel Gompers (AFL) Cost outweighed benefits

23 An American Empire Annexation Not everyone supported Competition of cheap labor in Philippines would drive down labor McKinley ultimately decides to annex Philippines

24 Treaty of Paris Dec 10, 1898 Cuba independent US has Puerto Rico and Guam US pays Spain $20 million for Philippines

25 Platt Amendment Cuba could not make treaties with other countries that would weaken its independence Cuba had to allow US to use naval bases in Cuba Cuba had to keep debts low so foreign countries would not want land as a payment US had right to intervene to protect Cuba s independence Stayed in effect until 1934

26 Puerto Rico Foraker Act Elected legislature Governor and executive council appointed by the President Puerto Ricans were not US Citizens so did not have US citizen s rights 1917 granted Puerto Ricans American citizenship 1947 Puerto Ricans elect their own governor Puerto Rico still a governing commonwealth of the US

27 Rebellion in Philippines Philippines viewed the US annexation as violent and aggressive seizure Philippine-American War Filipinos were unhappy and attacked Americans 4300 American soldiers died 50, ,000 Filipino soldiers died

28 Rebellion in Philippines Americans used many tactics against Filipino forces as they condemned Spain for using in Cuba Reconcentration Camps

29 Rebellion in Philippines William Howard Taft was a civilian governor of the Philippines Tried to win the people over with: Improved Education Transportation Health Care reduced cholera and smallpox Railroads Bridges

30 Rebellion in Philippines March 1901 American troops captured Aguinaldo (leader of the revolt) War is over and US governs Philippines 1946 US grants Philippines independence