Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Emergency Responses:

Transcription

1 Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Emergency Responses: Training Workshop on the development of End-to-End Tsunami Standard Operating Procedures Course Manual Tsunami Emergency Response Guidance and Templates, Case Studies United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration UNESCO/IOC-NOAA International Tsunami Information Center Organized by the UNESCO IOC - NOAA International Tsunami Information Center for Member States of the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions

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3 UNESCO-IOC Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Emergency Responses: Training Workshop on the Development of End-to-End Tsunami Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) COURSE MANUAL DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS Tsunami Emergency Response Guidance, Templates, Case Studies 1. Tsunami Emergency Response Guidance and Templates a. 10 Steps to Enable a Successful Tsunami Emergency Response (ITIC) b. 6 Steps to Create Tsunami Evacuation Maps (ITIC) c. International Case Study Philippines: Developing a Tsunami-Prepared Community - evacuation map development, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), 2008 d. Glossary Disaster Management Organizations e. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (UNDP, ITIC) f. Tsunami Planning Template (modified from Hawaii State Civil Defense Template) g. Tsunami Emergency Response SOPs (ITIC) i. Roles and Responsibility Matrix ii. Evacuation Checklist iii. Emergency Response Matrix iv. Tsunami Occurrence Checklist v. Earthquake / Tsunami Information Checklist vi. Tsunami Warning Checklist vii. Timeline Template for Tsunami Emergency Response 2. Tsunami Emergency Response Case Studies - New Zealand, USA, Indonesia a. New Zealand Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan Action Guides, Tsunami Notification Templates, including Media Releases, Tsunami Categories and Threat, Evacuation Zones - NZ Civil Defense and Emergency Management, 2012 b. Hawaii, USA Tsunami Response i. State Civil Defense Distant and Local - SOPs for Distant Generated Tsunami - Distant-Generate Tsunami Response Checklist - SOPs for Locally Generated Tsunami and Earthquake - Locally Generated Tsunami Response Checklist - Urgent Local Tsunami Warning Emergency Broadcast Script ii. City & County of Honolulu: Tsunami Evacuation and Sheltering SOPs c. California, USA: Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response - Office of Emergency Services d. Aceh, Indonesia SOP development July 2013

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5 10 Steps to Enable a Successful Tsunami Emergency Response UNESCO IOC ITIC May ) Know and understand a country's tsunami risk. 2) Develop an "end to end" Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System (TEWS) implementation strategy. Identify lead agencies at all levels of government. 3) Set up stakeholder (multi-hazard and/or tsunami specific) coordination committees at all levels of government. 4) Develop multi-hazard disaster response plans including tsunami specific emergency response plans and SOPs at national/provincial/city/local levels. Integrate emergency policies and mobilize all government agencies, in coordination with NGOs and the private sector. 5) Enable a country to receive 24x7 Tsunami Warning Center messages through international/regional and/or national tsunami warning systems developed via the UNESCO - IOC/ICG coordination process for international alerts. 6) Develop a rapid 24 x 7 communications dissemination infrastructure "down to the last kilometer." Involve and partner with the mass media for alert dissemination, building preparedness, and increasing awareness. 7) Emphasize sustainable local community education, preparedness, and mitigation programs (i.e.tsunami evacuation maps, routes, signage, sirens) 8) Conduct annual tsunami exercises and drills at various levels of government, and in particular, with coastal schools. 9) Obtain commitment from public authorities to enact multi-hazard and/or tsunami specific disaster risk reduction policies at all levels of government. 10) Develop emergency management policies and legislation that address multi-hazards including tsunami specific events. 1

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7 6 STEPS TO CREATE TSUNAMI EVACUATION MAPS December 2010 UNESCO/IOC-NOAA International Tsunami Information Center SeismicReady Consulting, Inc. (George Crawford) 1. Agree on the need to create or upgrade Tsunami Evacuation Maps as a foundation for tsunami preparedness and mitigation. A Hazard Identification Vulnerability Analysis (HIVA) should be completed prior to the evacuation planning process. Stakeholders are: a. Owners of evacuation maps: National, provincial, state and/or local emergency management agencies (EMA); b. Developers of evacuation maps: State and/or local EMA, local first responders (police, fire, land and marine/port/harbor transportation, ocean/beach safety officials) and other organizations involved in response (hospitals, utilities, Red Cross, NGO/private sector), hotels/tourist sector). Planning and development agencies may also be involved. Federal agencies such as Tsunami Warning Center, National Disaster Management Office, Science Agencies, and Information Centers may also want to participate; c. Owners and developers of inundation maps: Science organization(s) involved in collecting data, identifying scenarios, conducting modeling, and compiling results to create inundation map, e.g., national/federal/state/local agencies (example, NOAA, USGS, or local equivalents), universities, private consultants, etc. 2. Organize and convene a Tsunami Inundation and Evacuation Mapping Technical Committee (Modeling and Mapping (M & M Committee). The Committee may further sub-divide into an Inundation Modeling Committee and a Evacuation Mapping Committee. In total, the M & M Committee should consider to include: a. Provincial/State/local jurisdictions, with support of National/Federal/State/Local government; b. Scientists (National, Federal, State, Local Geological Survey or equivalent, universities, etc); a. Other government and NGO stakeholders, including community representatives. Determine goals and outcomes of Tsunami Inundation and Evacuation Mapping Project. Determine availability of pre-existing tsunami hazard and risk and tsunami modeling studies, bathymetric and topographic data. Detailed inundation mapping required high-resolution data. 3. Obtain funding for Tsunami Mapping Project from National/Provincial/Local Government or other sources. Coordinate with any existing preparedness programs, as these may be able to provide funding. Also consider other international or national grant programs, and incorporate activities as part of an all-hazards disaster risk reduction strategy that can be sustained. 4. M & M Committee (or Inundation Modeling Sub-Committee) reviews and recommends various options for obtaining tsunami inundation maps. Funding may not be available to do tsunami modeling. However, based on the HIVA and some of the sources below, an inundation maps could be generated until funding becomes available. If funding is available for tsunami modeling, select tsunami modeling contractor to produce tsunami inundation maps. Models will use data from various sources, including: d. Historic tsunami inundation/runup data; e. Credible or worst-case tsunami-generating earthquake or landslide scenarios; f. Current scientific papers on the area of interest; g. Indigenous knowledge or oral history of the area of interest; h. Bathymetry, topography unique local conditions.

8 5. M & M Committee (or Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee) leads development of evacuation maps from inundation maps using evacuation map criteria. This will take several meetings with community to obtain input and buy-in. a. Determine criteria for determining evacuation route and assembly areas. Evacuation Assembly Areas should be further inland of the inundation lines. Safety factors to consider include: i. Ease of egress by foot as a first priority, including for special needs populations; ii. Proximity and location of high ground (hills, cliffs, man-made vertical refuges (berms, tall buildings, etc); iii. Presence of buffer areas; iv. Knowledge of flood zones, types of roadways and locations; v. Availability of identifiable landmark locations for easier evacuation routing; vi. Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) sites and other potential hazards (secured gates or high fences, lumber yards or harbors with potential floating debris etc.) that could cause evacuation problems; vii. Locations of special needs population in hazard zone (i.e. hospitals, elder care or nursing facilities, schools, day care centers, non-english speakers, transient populations, etc). b. Organize and convene local workshop to obtain community input to tsunami evacuation map development. i. Invite all stakeholders who have a response, coordination, or special needs requirement (I.e. hospital, retirement center, schools). Stakeholders will be local government, transportation, response, NGO and private sector; ii. M & M Committee presents modeling and inundation mapping efforts; iii. Goal is: Based on inundation map, identify high vulnerability areas in the community, centers of population (social, gender, religious, cultural, etc), and special needs populations, determine desirable evacuation routes and assembly areas knowing tsunami wave arrival time and time it takes to walk to an safe assembly area (e.g., 2 mph based on guidance in FEMA P-646A Publication on Vertical Evacuation). Consider community risk for both local and distant tsunamis, and their implications for designating safe assembly areas and type of evacuation (foot or vehicular; for local tsunami, evacuation should be by foot). Where there may be no time for safe evacuation inland, consider identifying and designating vertical evacuation refuges, according to FEMA P-646 (2012), c. Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee develops Draft evacuation map. i. Review modeling inundation results; ii. Develop evacuation map following national and/or international standards or best practices. d. Convene community town meetings to solicit input to Draft evacuation lines. Engage and explain inundation mapping results and draft evacuation line maps. Involve and invite community input to finalize the drawing the lines, evacuation / safe zones and routes. e. Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee consolidates community input. Draw final evacuation lines. Identify potential safe evacuation/assembly areas and routes. Field visits to view topographic and built environment conditions may be needed. Evacuation routes should be walked to confirm ease and timing of successful egress. f. Convene community meeting to solicit input to draft (1) safe evacuation/assembly areas, refuges, or shelters, and (2) evacuation routes.

9 g. Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee consolidates community input. Incorporate final (1) safe evacuation areas and (2) evacuation routes onto map with evacuation line / zones. 6. Publish tsunami evacuation maps. As new or better data become available, or new coastal development occurs, update tsunami inundation and evacuation maps. a. Develop tsunami evacuation brochure to be used in education and awareness activities; b. Develop and implement process to educate at-risk community (including visitors and those who work in evacuation zones) on tsunamis, tsunami warnings, and evacuation. These should include community workshops to (1) create general awareness of the newly developed evacuation maps and (2) teach community members how to read evacuation maps. References Crawford., G.L., Developing TsunamiReady Communities: Translating Scientific Research Into Useable Emergency Management Products, Paper No. 1342, In Proceedings of the 8 th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, April 18-22, 2006, San Francisco, CA. GeoHazards International, Preparing your Community for Tsunamis, A Guidebook for Local Advocates (Working Draft Version 2.1). González, F.I., V.V. Titov, H.O. Mofjeld, A. Venturato, S. Simmons, R. Hansen, R. Combellick, R. Eisner, D. Hoirup, B. Yanagi, S. Yong, M. Darienzo, G. Priest, G. Crawford, and T. Walsh, Progress in NTHMP hazard assessment. Nat. Hazards, 35(1), Special Issue, U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, National Geophysical Data Center Historical Tsunami Database: US DHS FEMA, P-646A Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis: A Guide for Community Officials. US DHS FEMA, P-646 Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis, 2nd Edition. US DHS FEMA, National Disaster Preparedness Training Center, Course AWR-217, Tsunami Awareness.

10 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY: PHILIPPINES The following description, extracted from Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Department of Science and Technology (PHIVOLCS/DOST), Developing a Tsunami-Prepared Community, 2008, documents Philippines tsunami preparedness and evacuation map development. Simplified approach to Tsunami Risk Mitigation. After review of available materials and extracting from PHIVOLCS practical experiences in community-based disaster risk mitigation, the following are the simplest steps that can be undertaken to develop a tsunami-prepared community: a. Increase awareness on basic information about tsunami; b. Tsunami hazard and risk mapping; c. Tsunami evacuation planning; d. Community education about tsunami; e. Tsunami warning system and f. Tsunami mitigation measures. Table 1: General Checklist for Tsunami Community Preparedness Level 1. Do members of your community know the basic information about earthquakes and tsunami? 2. Does your community have organized efforts based on: a. Community needs? b. Resources immediately available to help? 3. Does your community have hazard maps to guide in your preparedness efforts? 4. Does your community have evacuation maps and plan to guide in preparedness efforts? 5. Are members of the community involved in tsunami preparedness a. To educate everyone about evacuation scheme? b. To inform everyone with things they can do to increase community safety? 6. Does your community conduct tsunami drills? 7. Is there an established community-based tsunami warning system? 8. Is there a long-term development plan wherein tsunami risk reduction measures are incorporated? 9. Is there a plan on how to sustain the efforts in the long-term? 10. Do members of your community know the basic information about earthquakes and tsunami? 11. Does your community have organized efforts based on: a. Community needs? b. Resources immediately available to help? 12. Does your community have hazard maps to guide in your preparedness efforts? 13. Does your community have evacuation maps and plan to guide in preparedness efforts? 14. Are members of the community involved in tsunami preparedness a. To educate everyone about evacuation scheme? b. To inform everyone with things they can do to increase community safety? 15. Does your community conduct tsunami drills? 16. Is there an established community-based tsunami warning system? 17. Is there a long-term development plan wherein tsunami risk reduction measures are incorporated? 18. Is there a plan on how to sustain the efforts in the long-term? Tsunami hazard and risk mapping. A tsunami hazard map shows areas that can be affected by a tsunami. Most often, science experts and specialists generate this kind of map after careful study of the area. Hazard maps serve to educate and prepare the public, are used as tool to assist emergency responders to plan evacuations, and can be used to involve and motivate the public to prepare for tsunamis. Tsunami evacuation planning. A tsunami evacuation map shows areas identified as safe areas that are within the hazard zones.

11 This kind of map provides information on how to evacuate to the identified safe areas. The essential information provided in this map is a. Areas threatened by tsunami inundation (flooding); b. Location of designated "safe areas" where people should gather in case of tsunami; c. Recommended routes to the safe area for people to follow which are normally indicated as arrows; and (d) other significant information such as landmarks for people to identify locations. Table 2: Designing a Tsunami Evacuation Map Step 1. Acquire a tsunami hazard map. Acquire detailed community map. Update the community map. Verify road systems, houses, etc. Determine the population to evacuate. A detailed community map can be superimposed on a tsunami hazard map Step 2. Identify Safe Evacuation Areas This is where people should go in case of a tsunami. As the key goal is to save lives, this should be any location that is not likely to be affected, based on the available Tsunami Hazard Map. The following are possible basis for selection of the site: a. Site is outside identified Tsunami Hazard Zone; b. Site can be reached by foot within the shortest possible time; c. The total area of site can hold an entire community (or certain percentage of population of the community if several sites are selected); and d. Site can be easily identified by residents, for example a prominent hill, a school, an open park among others Step 3. Recommend Evacuation routes The Tsunami Evacuation Map should show the best routes (safest, shortest! fastest way) for people to use in case of emergencies. There is need to take special care in recommending evacuation routes. Considerations must be given to possible damages from strong earthquakes such as collapsed bridges, buildings, power line and landslides, which may block routes and cause hazardous conditions. The following are some characteristics of ideal evacuation routes: a. Wide streets b. If possible, no bridges c. Away from landslide-prone areas d. Limited overhead power lines and similar hazards. While in the process of designing the plan, It is best to walk along routes to identify hazards and check on ground conditions that may not be obvious on maps. Step 4. Hold a small workshop for community leaders to finalize maps Create draft / working map with tsunami inundation zone, identified evacuation areas and evacuation routes. Organize a small group workshop with community leaders. Discuss draft map and seek comments and inputs to improve map. Step 5. Develop complete version of the map Finalize map out of group inputs from the workshop. Evacuation maps should be simple and easy to read and should include essential information only, such as a. Tsunami hazard zones; b. Safe evacuation areas; c. Recommended evacuation routes; d. Local landmarks.

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15 GLOSSARY - Disaster Management Organisations Source: UNISDR; italics added by UNDP for elaboration Capacity (Capability)-A combination of all the resources and knowledge available within a community, society or organisation that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster. Capacity may include physical, institutional, intellectual, political, social, economic, and technological means as well as individual or collective attributes such as leadership, co-ordination and management. Coping capacity-the level of resources and the manner in which people or organisations use these resources and abilities to face adverse consequences of a disaster. In general, this involves managing resources, both in normal times, as well as during adverse conditions. The strengthening of coping capacities usually builds resilience to withstand the effects of natural and other hazards. Disaster-A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic and/or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own level of resources. Although disasters are generally categorised as natural or manmade, recent understanding of these events show that most natural disasters are also caused by human interactions with environment and nature, thus they are not purely natural. The term natural disasters however are commonly used to refer to events that are triggered by natural hazards. A disaster is a function of risk process resulting from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk. Disaster (risk) reduction-the conceptual framework of elements considered able to minimise or reduce disaster risks within a community or society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) and to manage (emergency response) and recover from the adverse impacts of natural and manmade hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development. For simplicity, UNISDR uses the phrase disaster reduction. Disaster risk management-the systematic management of administrative decisions, organisation, operational skills and abilities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and related potential environmental hazards. This comprises all forms of activities, including structural and non-structural measures to avoid (prevention), to limit (mitigation and preparedness) adverse effects of hazards and/or to manage (emergency response) and recover from the consequences of the event. Disaster risk reduction: Actions that reduce the impact of a disaster before its occurrence. Disaster risk reduction policies: Plans and practices related to reducing the impact of a disaster before its occurrence. Early warning-the provision of timely and effective information, through identified formal and informal institutions and communication network, that allow individuals exposed to a hazard, to take action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response. The objective of people-centred early warning systems is to empower individuals and communities threatened by hazards with knowledge to act in sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce the possibility of personal injury, loss of life and damage to property and the environment. An end to end TEWS is a series of chronological events related to tsunami risk knowledge, monitoring and warning, communication dissemination, and response capability to protect lives and property. Emergency: A situation that is the result of any happening, whether natural or otherwise, which causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress or in anyway endangers the safety of the public or property. 2

16 Reference: The Guide to the National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan. New Zealand Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management. June Emergency Management -The organisation and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, particularly preparedness, response and recovery. Emergency management involves plans, structures and arrangements established to engage the normal endeavours of government, voluntary, private agencies and local communities in a comprehensive and co-ordinated way to respond to the whole spectrum of emergency needs. Emergency management is also known as disaster management. Emergency Management Policies and Legislation: Laws, plans and practices related to emergency management. Emergency Response Plan: Mechanisms and networks are established and maintained to respond quickly to disasters and address emergency needs at the community level. Reference: How Resilient is Your Coastal Community? U.S. IOTWS Document No. 27-IOTWS- 07CCR End to End Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System (TEWS): The objective of people-centred early warning systems is to empower individuals and communities threatened by hazards with knowledge to act in sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce the possibility of personal injury, loss of life and damage to property and the environment. An end to end TEWS is a series of chronological events related to tsunami risk knowledge, monitoring and warning, communication dissemination, and response capability to protect lives and property. Reference: Developing Early Warning Systems: A Checklist. UN ISDR. March Hazard-A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon and/or human activity, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social, economic disruption and environmental degradation. Hazards can include potential conditions that may represent future threats and can have different origins: natural (geological, hydro-meteorological and biological) and/or induced by human processes (environmental degradation and technological hazards). Hazards can be single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is characterised by its location, intensity, frequency, probability and its likely effects/impacts. Mitigation-Structural (physical) and non-structural (non-physical) measures undertaken to protect and/or strengthen vulnerable elements to minimise the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation and technological hazards. Elements of important consideration include population, livelihood, settlements, and basic social, economic and institutional services at the primary level and development investments and environment at the secondary level. Multi-Hazard Disaster Response Plans: Courses of actions undertaken in the event of a natural or technological hazards. Policy: A plan or course of action. Reference: Webster s Dictionary Preparedness-Activities and measures taken in advance by people and organisations to ensure effective mobilisation of response to the potential impact of hazards, including the issuance of timely and effective early warnings, the temporary removal of people and property from a threatened location and the support to indigenous coping capacity of the population at risk. 3

17 Prevention-Activities and/or physical measures to provide outright avoidance of the adverse impact of hazards or the means to control the hazards at their source whenever possible. Due to unpredictability and magnitude of most natural hazards, prevention is either costly or impossible. However, most human induced hazards and other types with elements of human interaction with nature are oftentimes preventable. Recovery- Traditionally, actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring the living conditions of the stricken community and society to its normal and/or pre-disaster conditions. However, recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction) is an opportunity to develop and apply disaster risk reduction measures by encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments, based on lessons learned and better planning and practices to reduce disaster risk. Relief / response- The provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected. It can be of an immediate, short-term, or protracted duration. In the relief stage, change in people s perception and skills development leading to acceptance of and practice of disaster reduction can be achieved, through participation in assessment, planning and implementation. Risk-The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural and/or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. Conventionally, risk is expressed by the notation Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Capacity. It is important to consider the social contexts in which risks occur and that people therefore do not necessarily share the same perceptions of risk and their underlying causes. Stakeholder Coordination Committees: Composed of a team of members from various sectors of society involved in the conduct of disaster planning. Sustainable local community education, preparedness, and mitigation: Community education programs designed to empower individuals and communities threatened by hazards with knowledge to act in sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce loss of life and property damage. The programs also include activities to reduce the impact of a hazard before its occurrence. These community based programs are perpetuated through institutional and/or educational curriculum activities. Tsunami Risk: Means the likelihood and consequences of a tsunami hazard. Vulnerability-A set of conditions and processes resulting from physical, social, cultural, political, economic, and environmental factors, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. 4

18 1 Community Based Disaster Risk Management Sanny R. Jegillos Regional Programme Coordinator United Nations Development Programme Start a discussion about the term last mile in tsunami warning systems and one will get various responses of what this term means. For scientists and disaster management organizations involved in tsunami warning-last mile is imagined to be the receiving end of the message. However, for coastal communities, particularly at risk to local tsunamis-they are the first mile, i.e. the first who would bear with the devastating effects of the tsunami waves and debris accompanying these. These concepts are thus interesting to explore: The Dominant Perspective The last mile concept indicate a chain of information flow that originates from a credible source- a system that includes monitoring, warning dissemination and public safety messages. The purpose of recognition of the last mile system is clear- that the public should be able to receive warning and that they should be impressed enough to act and respond in a timely and appropriate manner. The above definition thus influences that type and scope of investments and interventions required to be able to convey the message to the last mile. Detection and prediction of tsunamis is only half the work of the early warning system. Of equal importance is the ability to warn the populations of the areas that will be affected. All tsunami warning systems feature multiple lines of communications (such as sms, , fax, radio, often using dedicated systems) enabling emergency messages to be sent to the emergency services and armed forces, as well to population alerting systems (e.g. sirens). The last mile concept, thus, based on this definition is not a challenge to get a handle of. The concept is represented as both a geographical territory where warning sirens ought to be established as well as where the warning dissemination terminates oftentimes conveniently illustrated in flow charts. The Subordinate Perspective As a practitioner of community based disaster risk management (CBDRM), I will however argue that the concept of last mile is more complex than being a territory and a receiving end" of warning information. In CBDRM practice, the definition is broader encompassing the various definitions of a community. Advocates would prefer to define community and last mile in a socio-territorial way. Consider the following to illustrate the point: Community: the people with common interests living in a particular area; broadly: the area itself ( Community: is defined as a feeling of members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members need will be met through their commitment to be together. (D. W. Mcmillan and D. W. Davis, Sense of Community). 1

19 2 CBDRM principles and practice recognize the importance of both definitions. One- that vulnerable communities are exposed to physical hazards due to proximity to sources of hazardous agents (an area with people on it that are exposed to tsunami hazards). Two-that the socio cultural conditions, particularly strong community and social fabric (some refers to this as social capital) influences the ability of individuals within to act appropriately when warning is received (people with socio-economic vulnerability AND coping ability). The Community based Disaster Risk Management Approach Practitioners of CBDRM will dismiss my whimsical exaggeration that the recognition of the socio territorial nature of communities is a subordinate approach. In fact, they will argue that CBDRM practice had been with communities since the ancient times when people adapt to changing patterns of living that are constantly challenged by hazardous conditions. To illustrate this, oral traditions in Moken communities and in the Simileu Island (40 km away from the source and yet only 7 died out of 80,000 people) are largely credited for their ability to recognize natural signs of an impending tsunami that saved almost their entire population. In my work in promoting CBDRM practice in Vietnam, Bangladesh, the Philippines, Cambodia and in Lao PDR, there are many examples of indigenous coping capacities that save lives. Most noteworthy is the Bangladesh Cyclone Preparedness Programme 1 that builds on volunteerism spirit among communities. The CPP, a joint undertaking of the Government of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Red Crescent Societies is considered as best practice for end to end warning system. Although telecommunication facilities (hard ware) is an important feature- the success of the CPP in saving lives are due to the presence of over 35,000 plus volunteers who pass on the warning by megaphone to their village communities. The CPP can now alert 8 million people living in at-risk coastal areas. This process has now taken a multi hazard approach, and is augmented with year around awareness raising, education activities, regular drills to ensure that system works when needed. The result is that human losses have been reduced to a minimum. In my view, CBDRM or CBDP (Red Cross/Red Crescent) practice by institutions in the Asia Pacific Region started in an organized way from Since then-cbdrm practice had gone a long way from the period of skepticisms that greeted early adopters among NGOs and within the mid 1990 s, a period of dominance of the agenda of science and technology in the IDNDR setting. I recall that CBDRM practice was started when the dominant paradigm was provision of emergency relief assistance where affected communities were labeled as helpless victims. In some countries, CBDRM was also introduced where structural mitigation measures dominated the stakeholders agenda, with community participation taken as a token step-to show that people were consulted in the construction of flood control and other non-structural measures etc. Following the tsunami, observers determined that CBDRM is implemented in a wider scale and became a key tool for disaster preparedness. It appears though that there exist different interpretations of CBDRM. 1 In 1994, immediately after a cyclone that hit Myanmar and some parts of Bangladesh, I was commissioned to evaluate the CPP and provided strategic and practical recommendations to enhance CPP. It was a character building responsibility, but my most profound discovery was that many pioneers of CPP volunteers were freedom fighters circa 1970s. 2

20 3 How well do we know CBDRM? 2 It is universally accepted that governments have the primary responsibility for managing disasters and for taking into consideration the roles played by different players. In the past, top down and command and control approaches were oftentimes used to manage the consequences of disasters. In this approach, decisions come from higher authorities based on their perception on the needs. The communities serve as mere victims or receiver of aid. In practice though, this approach was proven to be ineffective. It fails to meet the appropriate and vital humanitarian needs. Moreover, it increases requirements for unnecessary external resources and creates general dissatisfaction over performance despite exceptional management measures employed. This is due to the fact that the community, as the primary stakeholders and recipient of the direct impact of disasters, was not given the chance to participate in the process of decision making and implementation of activities. On the other hand, communities if left alone have limited resources to fully cope with disasters. Disasters can be overwhelming and like in the tsunami in 2004, sources of warning and information on hazards were largely unknown. In many developing countries, those who suffer the most are the poor, who in the first place have limited survival resources and do not enjoy access to social services, public education etc. They are also oftentimes neglected in the decision making process of risk reduction, preparedness and development programmes that will impact on their lives. Sadly, some poorly planned development programmes lacking transparency and participation have also exacerbated communities vulnerabilities to natural and man made hazards. Base on this rationale, the idea of balancing the approach from top down to incorporating a bottom up approach was initiated. Thus, the Community based Disaster Management approach emerged. What is the CBDRM? CBDRM practice recognizes the following lessons learned: The local population in a disaster prone area, due to exposure and proximity, are potential victims and assume most of the responsibilities in coping with effects of disasters. The local population has local knowledge of vulnerabilities and is repositories of any traditional coping mechanisms suited for their own environment. The local population responds first at times of crisis and the last remaining participants as stricken communities strive to rebuild after a disaster. The CBDRM approach provides opportunities for the local community to evaluate their own situation based on their own experiences initially. Under this approach, the local community not only becomes part of creating plans and decisions, but also becomes a major player in its implementation. Although the community is given greater roles in the decision making and implementation process, CBDRM does not ignore the importance of scientific and objective risk assessment and EWS planning. The CBDRM approach acknowledges that as many stakeholders as needed should be involved in the process, with the end goal of achieving capacities and transferring resources to the community, which would assume the biggest responsibility in disaster reduction. 2 These lessons learned are based on country case studies that were subject of research that I led on behalf of UNCRD: Sustainability of CBDRM; Case study countries include Philippines, Nepal, Indonesia, Cambodia, Bangladesh 3

21 4 As we have learned though with the 2004 tsunami, many community members will have different perceptions of the nature of disaster risk. In my experience, the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines in 1991 was an example of communities who were ignorant of risk. Its previous eruption was over 600 years before the 1991 event. Thus residents and local authorities did not anticipate the magnitude of these devastating effects. Experiences show that CBDRM programme could address these limitations, by ensuring that hazard awareness activities are more targeted according to prevailing perceptions of communities. Implications to Development of End to End Early Warning System In my experience working in the tsunami affected countries-i am delighted that CBDRM/ CBDP practice is increasingly accepted in a significant way-as a risk reduction and preparedness intervention. A number of CSOs have up scaled their CBDRM activities in a broader scale-for example in Sri Lanka, a recent discussion indicated that Sarvodaya Movement and Sri Lanka Red Cross implement CBDRM practice covering almost 85% of coastal communities. At the national level, a series of national workshops on CBDRM were conducted in Indonesia etc; and regional organizations including UNESCAP, ADPC, and ADRC have convened similar regional meetings on CBDRM. At the global level, PROVENTION Consortium commissioned studies to take a stock of community risk assessment tools and methodology and the UN Center for Regional Development (UNCRD) also completed a study on sustainability of CBDRM and recommended actions to sustain and institutionalize these. It is inevitable therefore that CBDRM practice by different organizations vary according to mandate, purpose, principles, and resources etc. In my view, this is not bad per se if these meet the needs of communities. Every community is different and will require different approach. However, in the context of end to end early tsunami warning systems, some of the key considerations related to this ought to be considered. These are: 1. What processes are in place where communities are engaged in understanding tsunami risks? These may include oral traditions or official public awareness of historical disasters (realized risks) and future disasters (potential risks). Consider risk as a configuration of hazards, changing patterns of vulnerability and community coping capacity. CBDRM Tools: Community Risk Assessment, compiled by the PROVENTION Consortium, ADRC s Town Watching Methodology) 2. What processes and resources are in place where communities, particularly at the household and individual levels are engaged in monitoring tsunami hazards? CBDRM Tools: People are knowledgeable on the natural warning signs. Community based Warning System. Best practice include the Bangladesh Cyclone Preparedness Programme; Sarvodaya Movement Last Mile Hazard Information Project. 4

22 5 3. Do local tsunami preparedness plans exist and are these linked with EWS triggers such as the Official Standard Operating Procedure? CBDRM Tools: Community based disaster preparedness. Checklist of Well Prepared Red Cross Societies. Checklist prepared by Geohazards International, ADRC. Best practices include RC/RC CBDP contingency planning process, evacuation planning, community based first aid and other life saving skills enhancement. 4. What tsunami warning dissemination system exists at the local level? Are they sufficient and operational to be able to cover population at risk? CBDRM Tools: Community based Warning System. Best practice include warning dissemination volunteers, use of indigenous resources like church bells, mosques, horns, local radio etc. 5. Are there continuous disaster awareness building and public information (multi hazard including tsunami) activities? CBDRM Tools: Community meetings, face to face interaction, folk songs and traditional cultural presentation, use of change agents that build awareness and develop public and culturally adaptable information programmes for tsunami risk and preparedness. Best practice includes KOGAMI from Padang. 6. Are there risk education activities that promote a culture of safety? CBDRM Tools School based education programmes (remember Tilly Smith). Education for Women. Education for people who have influence over communities (school teachers, religious leaders, local media, other traditional leaders. 7. Are there community based mitigation activities that seek to protect coastal settlements? CBDRM Tools: Mangrove and coastal natural protection projects. Best practice include CBDP with mangrove reforestations project in Vietnam 5

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25 Tsunami Planning Template General Assumptions The purpose of this document is to assist in developing basic tsunami response planning for local communities. Response plans will be written specifically for the evacuation of populations living in coastal areas and inland water ways. This document focuses on a timeline from the receipt of a tsunami warning to the completion of the evacuation. Response plans should focus on saving and protecting the welfare of the general public, protecting critical infrastructure and key resources, and lessen the impacts to individuals, communities, and the environment. Planners should understand the following assumptions this template makes: This document is not meant to be comprehensive. It is meant to help provide basic response capability to tsunamis Depending on planning needs, important aspects of tsunami response (ie. notification procedures, communication plans and protocol, administrative disaster management, etc) that might be required are not addressed and must be added to the plan Plans are not permanent. They should be updated regularly to meet increasing levels of sophistication in organization and coordination, alert procedures, communications, and response capabilities This document is not meant to dictate the planning process. Planners are responsible for developing their own response material (ie. inundation maps, traffic control points, evacuation routes, hazard/damage/capability assessments, etc) General Tsunami Information Tsunami Wave Travel A tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated by sudden displacements in the sea floor, landslides, or volcanic activity. In the deep ocean, the tsunami wave may only be a few inches high. The tsunami wave may come gently ashore or may increase in height to become a fast moving wall of turbulent water several meters high. Although a tsunami cannot be prevented, the impact of a tsunami can be mitigated through community preparedness, timely warnings, and effective response. Over the ocean, tsunamis may not be visible and often go unnoticed. Tsunami waves can travel at speeds upwards from 500 to 1,000 kilometers per hour (300 to 600 miles per hour) for thousands of miles. 1 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

26 As a tsunami wave approaches the coastline it increases in size. The shape of the coastline, the ocean floor, and of advancing waves play an important role in how destructive a tsunami is. Tsunami Characteristics Tsunami Categories The force and destructive effects caused by tsunamis should not be underestimated. The first wave to make landfall is not necessarily the most damaging. Under certain conditions, the crest of an oncoming wave can overtake the trough of a previous wave, creating a vertical wall of water referred to as a bore a wave with a churning front. At times, the front may be the most destructive part of the wave while at others, the outflow of water back to the sea may be the most destructive part of the wave. A tsunami wave may vary in size on different lengths of the coast. Areas such as sounds and inlets may cause funneling effects that magnify the initial wave and then, through resonance, subsequent waves. A tsunami may be categorized as local, regional, or distant. These terms generally describe the potential destruction relative to the tsunami source area. Local (Near Source) A local tsunami is one with destructive or life threatening effects usually limited within a km ( mi) range of the epicenter. Local tsunamis occur soon after the generating event and allow little time for warning and evacuation, arriving in minutes to 1 hour. Their impact may be large, but in a limited area. Local tsunamis may be caused by large earthquakes, submarine volcanic eruptions, or non-seismically triggered landslides. The first indication that a local tsunami may have been generated is strong ground shaking along the coast. If an earthquake has generated a local tsunami, strong shaking related damage may complicate tsunami response. Regional (Intermediate) A regional tsunami is one with destructive or life threatening effects usually limited within a 1000 km (600 mi) range of the epicenter. Regional tsunamis are the most common, and can make landfall within 1 to 3 hours after the generating event. The destruction caused by a regional tsunami may be limited due to the deficiency of energy released required to generate a distant tsunami. Areas affected by regional tsunamis may not have felt the generating event. Distant or Tele-tsunami (Ocean-wide) An ocean-wide tsunami is one with destructive or life threatening effects that can extend across an entire ocean basin. Distant 2 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

27 tsunamis are most often caused by undersea earthquakes, far from the coastline. They may take a significant amount of time before reaching the shore. Generally, a tsunami generated from a distant source will be smaller than a local tsunami. However, tsunami waves can propagate all the way across the ocean. A typical distant tsunami scenario would allow time for an official warning and evacuation. Plan Format and Design Poor organization of information can limit the plan s effectiveness. A response plan is acceptable if those who are intended to use it can understand it, are comfortable with it, and are able to locate the information they need from it. The following points are things to keep in mind when designing the response plan. Organization Is the document structured and easy to reference, or do users have to scan through irrelevant information to find what they are looking for? Can single subdivisions be revised without forcing a substantial rewrite of the entire response plan? Progression Does the document follow a logical sequence? Are there items in the document that are out of place, or would otherwise be better suited in another topic? Do items in the document needlessly duplicate items previously addressed? Can the reader grasp the rationale for the sequence and scan for the information he/she needs? Consistency Are terms, ideas, and progression of elements consistent throughout the whole document, or does the reader reorient him/herself in each section? Adaptability Is information in the plan organized be used in unanticipated situations? Compatibility Does the plan format promote or hinder coordination? Are problems in this area more easily solved by reformatting the response plan, or by making a chart of the coordination relationships? Plans should be designed to be consistent with other functional response plans. It should contain information about authority, organization, and responsibilities. Agencies and organizations with 3 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

28 assigned response tasks should develop and incorporate specific response procedures and checklists in their plans. Planning Considerations Major tsunamis can cause numerous fatalities and injuries, property damage and loss, and disruption of normal life-support and services. It can also have a significant impact on regional economic, physical, and social infrastructures. The extent of casualties and damage will reflect factors such as the time of occurrence, severity of impact, weather conditions, population density, building construction, and the possible triggering of secondary events such as fires and floods. The capabilities of the local government to respond will quickly be overwhelmed by the large number of casualties, heavy damage to buildings and basic infrastructure, and disruption of essential public services. Local Emergency Management Officials will act on tsunami watch information on their own initiative and responsibility. In areas where early warning systems are not in place, response plans will be provisional, and procedures should be continually revised and updated to take advantage of developing capacities. In areas where tsunami information is limited, content quality, accuracy, and timeliness will need to be considered and compensated for in response planning. In areas where tsunami information is limited, individual authorities should remain in alert status for at least two hours time after the estimated arrival time irrespective of whether a tsunami has arrived or not. Notification It is the responsibility of the emergency centers to evaluate the tsunami information received from the warning center and decide on the appropriate action. A significant challenge associated with notification procedures is the decision-making process about evacuations, which can be costly and disruptive. Decision-making may be further hindered by false alarms, due to the lack of adequate sea level data in some regions. Notification procedures for emergency centers should include: Rapid notification of decision-making authorities 4 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

29 Decision-making regarding the ordering of evacuations and other protective measures Rapid and comprehensive notification of the public at risk Countries using internationally collected data should be aware of differences in time and accuracy. Countries should pay full attention to the possibility of a tsunami when strong earthquakes occur in or near the area. If travel times are indicated, countries should expect a lapse in time of wave arrival before or after the tsunami event. Alert System All notification plans should incorporate some kind of alert system. Because tsunamis are infrequent, many people on the coastline will either not know what events precede a tsunami, or how to respond. Some people are overwhelmed by curiosity and are attracted to the coast. Others who stay make terrible judgments on the seriousness of the situation. The people need to be informed and warned when their lives are in danger. When designing an alert system, some things to consider are: Who receives the warning? How does the warning get to emergency centers? How is the message received by the public? What kind of communications are currently in place? Who can hear the alert? Where will alert posts be stationed? How do people who cannot hear the alert be notified? Who can activate the alert? What groups will be around at any given time, which can activate the alert? Interim Alert Systems Natural Warning Signs The first priority should be to put together a formal, functioning warning system. Regardless of whether an interim system may be manual, rudimentary, or improvisational, the point is that it is planned for, organized, routine, and executable. Planners should expedite any conventional means available. The designated alert should be something audible and recognizable (ie. a system of amplifiers, loudspeakers, radios, and microphones, church or school bells, foghorns, pa speakers, etc). Planners should also educate the coastal communities on natural warning signs indicative of tsunamis. During a local tsunami event, natural warning signs may be the first and only alert before the first wave arrives onshore. Natural signs can complement gaps in tsunami warning systems that are designed to provide an early alert to vulnerable communities. These signs can alert people to impending tsunamis. Understanding the behavior of 5 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

30 tsunamis onshore can help inform people about the appropriate actions to safeguard themselves and others. Understanding Natural Warning Signs of Tsunamis Natural signs of tsunamis include ground shaking from earthquakes and unusual sea-level fluctuations, wave forms, and sounds. Earthquakes Earthquakes can potentially be a very useful sign of a tsunami, if observed or felt. Strong or unusually long ground shaking that accompanies a shallow undersea earthquake is a natural warning sign indicating that a tsunami might have been generated and that the waves could arrive in minutes. An earthquake occurring inland will not generate a tsunami. However, possibilities are not excluded if its epicenter is located close to the sea Sea-Level Fluctuations A receding shoreline is a natural warning sign that a tsunami is coming. The arrival of a negative wave or trough causes a shoreline to recede exposing portions of the ocean floor not normally visible, even during low tides Wave Forms Unusual wave forms can also precede the arrival of a tsunami on shore. Typically, a tsunami has been described as a wall of water or a fast rising, tide-like flood, or as a large breaking wave. Frothing or bubbling of the water on the horizon can also indicate an incoming tsunami, as well as tossing and/or sinking of boats Sounds Tsunamis can be accompanied by distinctive sounds, that can heard from a distance. An approaching tsunami can sound like thunder or a loud constant roar, like that of a train or jet airplane. Response times are short once tsunami sounds are heard. The ability to observe a receding shore and unusual wave forms provide the most effective natural warnings that a tsunami is approaching, however these signs also mean that wave arrival is imminent. People living in coastal areas near the source of tsunamis should be able to recognize these signs and immediately and quickly respond by evacuating to safe areas. Building a better knowledge of an area s tsunami hazards, recognition of the natural tsunami warning signs, and familiarity with tsunami evacuation plans is often effectively built through community-based preparedness activities aimed at ensuring an effective response to warnings. Continuous Emergency centers should have a 24/7 (24 hours, 7 days a week) 6 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

31 Operations Other Sources of Tsunami Warning Information watch. Tsunamis can come day or night, and people need to be ready to respond at any given time. Workers conducting overnight operations should be qualified to do so, and should involve at least one person with experience. The following methods may used to receive tsunami warning information, which can help supplement warning systems, depending on available technology: Global Telecommunications System of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO/GTS) Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN, Airports around the world) Internet Telefax SMS or Text message Dedicated Phone Line / Hotline or Service (Reverse 911 ) In the US, NOAA Weather Wire or Advanced Weather Information Processing System (AWIPS) The GTS is the backbone of the international dissemination system, but telefax and are also widely utilized. In the US, the NOAA Weather Wire makes weather information products available to independent subscribers such as the media, through the U.S. National Weather Service s Family of Services. The US AWIPS distributes bulletins to all U.S. Weather Forecast Offices. Different tsunami message products given separate World Meteorological Organization (WMO) headers or identifiers. It should be noted that methods that rely on Internet technologies may suffer from time delay, due to distance and update response times. However, it should be reasonably assumed that organizations proactively seeking response capabilities are less likely to suffer a lower probability of shock factor that can delay response. Delays may also occur through voice line or SMS text due to extremely heavy usage immediately after a great earthquake occurs. Evacuation Planning Planners should keep in mind that response for local and distant source event will differ. A distant source tsunami may allow several hours to evacuate. A local tsunami may require immediate selfevacuation through areas damaged by an earthquake at some risk of aftershocks. The amount of time required to execute an evacuation should be analyzed, and built into the decision-making procedure. Tsunami and earthquakes should be planned for together, as a significant earthquake may possibly generate a tsunami. In some locations, there may be a policy of vertical evacuation to a designated (and signed) strong building, or for sheltering in place. 7 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

32 Special procedures for schools in the evacuation zones may need to be developed. Identifying Affected Areas Evacuation Preparation All areas affected by inundation should be identified and marked. Evacuation zones should extend up to the maximum expected inundation limit. It is important to note that wave activity in areas such as harbors or narrow bays may amplified by harbor resonance. Critical Infrastructure and/or facilities that may produce hazardous effects, affected by tsunamis should also be identified. Vertical evacuation structures or refuges or other high berms should be clearly marked by relevant signage. Preparations should be made prior to evacuation. Some things to consider are as follows: What are the procedures, and when will centers be activated? Who will be recalled? What instructions will be given for non-disaster workers? What areas need to be evacuated? How can people who are hearing impaired receive the alert? How will non-native speakers be addressed and informed? What training and procedures can be reviewed prior to the event? Will people be evacuated entirely on foot, or will mass-transit be available for parts of the population? Should boats be secured in the harbor or put out to sea? How will incoming vessels be notified not to proceed inland? Evacuation Routes/ Traffic Control Planners should identify optimum evacuation routes inland towards higher ground. Not all areas will have access to higher ground. Evacuation routes should avoid narrow and heavily used routes in densely populated areas to avoid bottlenecks in traffic. Ideally, the public should evacuate by foot as much as possible, to avoid creating more traffic congestion. Once areas have been evacuated, roadblocks, barricades, and/or a system of patrols should be set in place to keep the public from wandering into evacuation zones. Public and volunteer involvement in evacuation and traffic control procedures free up emergency workers to handle more critical tasks. Special 8 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

33 planning considerations must be made to address the portion of the public sector that are willing, yet incapable of evacuating inundation zones. The benefits of committing resources to develop special needs planning are plentiful; it relieves some of the pressure on search and rescue efforts, it frees up others to evacuate themselves, it helps in carrying out a controlled evacuation, among other positive things. Self-Evacuation Sometimes the community will need to be the eyes and ears of a tsunami alert system. In the event of a local tsunami, there is little time to coordinate, respond, and provide a formal warning. Technology designed to detect tsunami data may not always provide an alert, and communication lines affected by earthquakes can be severed. Those receiving calls from others who have already learned of the disaster may be warned too late to evacuate. Where no time is allowed, evacuation must begin instantly. Planners should help communities to be prepared to self-evacuate, without any formal warning. Planners should help communities identify evacuation zones, possible refuge areas, and nearby areas that are accessible to higher ground Planners should promote tsunami public awareness, train community members how to recognize natural tsunami warning signs, and instruct them on proper procedures for the movement of peoples and traffic control Planners should help members of the community designate where to have their family members meet, where they should evacuate, what they should bring, and where to regroup Planners should have communities develop social networks within the community that can be take care of their community members. This also includes identifying individuals who may need assistance in evacuation, and possibly designating community members (ie. relatives, friends, neighbors) who can pick them up while evacuating. All Clear or Safe to Return to Evacuated Area Evacuated areas should remain closed to the public until after the tsunami warning is cancelled and the threat of a tsunami no longer exists. A tsunami is a series of waves that arrive every 5-60 minutes, and it may be more than 2 hours before impacted areas are safe for re-entry. The decision to allow re-entry will be made by proper local Emergency Management officials. Residents should enter through control points to ensure that safety and sanitary precautions are provided. 9 ITIC, 2008, revised 2013

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37 FINANCE/ ADMIN Roles & Responsibility Matrix PUBLIC INFORMATION WARNING COORDINATION TRANSPORTATION HUMANE/ RELIEF SOCIAL SERVICES SEARCH & RESCUE COMMUNICATIONS MEDICAL SERVICES EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT FIRE SUPPRESSION LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY CONTACT INFO Non-Governmental/Community-Based/Other Organizations Figure 4-A. Roles & Responsiblity Matrix ITIC, May 2008

38 Evacuation Checklist This is a simple checklist to use when doing an evacuation. Make sure to include the date, who filled out the checklist, and the time each task was completed by. Tsunami message received Date: By: Time: Call in staff Activate emergency centers / Notify public safety agencies Sound public sirens and alarm notifications Initiate media notifications and evacuation announcements Initiate evacuation of people away from coast (Tsunami Evacuation Maps) Put boats/ships out to sea if wave impact time permits Setup road-blocks and evacuation routes Guide people through traffic points to shelter Initiate recall of disaster response workers Open and operate shelters Do roll call for workers and volunteers ITIC, May 2008

39 Emergency Response Matrix AGENCY LAW FIRE SEARCH & RESCUE MEDICAL COM SHEL EVAC RESP PREP/ TRAIN LAND RESCUE RESCUE MARITIME SEARCH/ RECON NON-GOVERNMENTAL & COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATIONS SPONSOR/ HOST AUTHORITY Figure 3-B. Emergency Response Matrix ITIC, May 2008

40 Tsunami Occurrence Checklist This is a simple checklist to use after a tsunami event. Emergency workers should wait for a minimum of two hours or until an all clear is given before re-entering evacuation zones. Date: By: Time: Count the number of workers available Decide what need to be done Assign workers to groups Assign tasks to groups Inspect damaged areas Block off dangerous areas Search for survivors Get hurt people to triage Guide people home safely Bring boats back in Clean up damaged areas Remove dead bodies ITIC, May 2008

41 Earthquake Bulletin An Earthquake Bulletin, issued by The Indonesia Earthquake Information and Tsunami Warning Center at the Meteorological and Geophysical Agency (BMG), means the occurrence of a felt earthquake, with the evaluation that a damaging tsunami was not likely generated. Earthquake Bulletin Checklist Date: Accomplished By Time 1 Receive/analyze Tsunami Information Bulletin 2 Plot location of epicenter. Estimated Wave Arrival Time Time: Long/Lat: IF TSUNAMI WAS NOT GENERATED AND NO WARNING IS ISSUED FOR REGION: 3 - Notify Authorities/Staff/other Departments as necessary 4 - Contact Tsunami Scientific Advisor; discuss situation 5 - Respond to queries by media/general public 6 - Issue new releases; if necessary Monitor Situation. Remain alert for possible additional/ stronger aftershocks 7 - Update telephone answering machines, as necessary PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE WARNING 8 - Review Watch and/or Warning checklists, on page(s) - Monitor situation until advised that no tsunami threat exists for region IF A TSUNAMI WARNING / ADVISORY IS ISSUED, IMMEDIATELY GO TO THE CHECKLIST AT PAGE OR. Tsunami Information Checklist ITIC, May 2008

42 Tsunami Warning/Advisory Checklist Date: Accomplished By Time 1 Acknowledge receipt of Tsunami Warning/Advisory Bulletin 2 Review/analyze Tsunami Bulletin 3 Plot location of epicenter. Estimate Wave Arrival Time Time: Long/Lat: 4 Activate Emergency Operations Centers EOCs and initiate agency notification list / staff recall lists 5 Initiate Media Broadcasts (radio/television/print) 6 Initiate Public Notification Systems (sirens, alarms, etc.) 7 Activate Mobile Ground / Sea / Air Units to begin dissemination of evacuation notifications 8 Activate Traffic Control and Roadblock Plan 9 Activate Public Transportation Assistance Plan 10 Activate Shelter Evacuation Centers Plan 11 Activate EOC Communications Plan - Provide initial situational report to district/province Coordinators Make Emergency Radio Transmissions - Notify public / private sector organizations of EOC activation - Coordinate area(s) to be warned - Activate ocean maritime radio broadcasts - Activate/Staff Public Information Center - Activate Volunteer Radio Operators - Respond to media inquiries 12 Authority/designated staff member will contact higher authority: - Update higher authority on event and actions taken - Instructions to Disaster and Non Response Workers (Do not report to work, report to work at, report to work at, leave work immediately, leave work at Tsunami Warning Checklist ITIC, May 2008

43 .) - Regional/provincial/district public and private sector employees (Do not report to work, report to work at, report to work at, leave work immediately, leave work at.) - Public/private school operations (Schools remain closed, will close at open until.), will remain - Request to public to curtail non-emergency travel 13 Contact other Emergency Management Agencies to coordinate: wave arrival times; if regional or distant earthquake, consider day/night early siren activation(s): 2 hours prior to wave arrival time 1 hour prior to wave arrival time 30 min prior to wave arrival time 14 Ensure TV stations are - Using Warning crawlers for hearing impaired - Announcing correct shelters and opening times - Encouraging curtailment of non-emergency travel - Encouraging swimmers/surfers/beach goers to evacuate and remain clear of coastlines - Issuing warning advisories/updates/instructions to boat owners 15 Monitor Transportation/Evacuation Plans - Coordinate road block/evacuation routes - Elderly/Disabled Person Assistance - Conduct Mass Transit Evacuation Plans - Public Address System Announcement 16 Shelter Operator roll call (opening times / shelter lists) 17 Tsunami roadblock withdrawal time 18 Relocation/protection of organizational equipment/resources Tsunami Warning Checklist ITIC, May 2008

44 19 Coordinate/update volunteer availability D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 - Coordinate Police Department/designated evacuation teams for warning/evacuation/traffic control assignments - Coordinate/dispatch Warning Public Address System Announcement (PASA) 20 Review siren gap areas and recently malfunctioned sirens - Assign/Public Address capable vehicular assets - Coordinate/dispatch Warning PASA 21 Alert/brief/dispatch Damage Survey Assessment Teams 22 Provide security for evacuated areas 23 Relocation/protection of Resources (dispersal times/locations) Police Fire Health Dept EMS 24 TSUNAMI CANCELLATION BULLETIN ISSUED - If non-destructive tsunami, issue ALL CLEAR to public that it is safe to return to coastline - If destructive tsunami event, announce to public not to return to coastline, and listen to official announcements 25 Direct Post Impact Operations - Identify Impact & Hazard Areas - Secure Impact & Hazard Areas - Conduct Search & Rescue - Conduct Mass Care & Sheltering - - Conduct Debris Clearance Tsunami Warning Checklist ITIC, May 2008

45 Timeline Template for Tsunami Emergency Response # of Minutes after Earthquake Activities Agencies Responsible Comments 0 Strong ground shaking felt hours 3+ hours Action Principles: Understand and interpret Tsunami Warning Center messages into actions (i.e. evacuations yes or no) Receipt of TWC messages on a 24x7 basis Rapid Notification of Decision Makers Rapid Notification of the Public Rapid Notification of Media Rapid Notification and Recall of Emergency Staffs Rapid Notification of Government agencies; NGO s; other organizations Enact land and sea evacuations procedures Open shelters ITIC, May 2008

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49 Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan Supporting Plan [SP 01/09] Revised May 2012 Resilient New Zealand Aotearoa Manahau Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May

50 Tsunami Advisory and Warning Supporting Plan [SP 01/09] Revised May 2012 ISBN Authority This document has been issued by the Director of the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management pursuant to s9(3) of the Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM) Act It is a support plan to the functional arrangements set out in the National CDEM Plan and The Guide to the National CDEM Plan. This plan is referenced in Appendix 1 of The Guide to the National CDEM Plan. Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management PO Box 5010 Wellington New Zealand Tel: Fax: emergency.management@dia.govt.nz 2 Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012

51 Table of Contents Preface...4 Introduction Purpose of this plan...5 Scope of this plan...5 Use of this plan...5 Testing of this plan...5 Annexes to this plan...5 Other documents relevant to this plan...6 Responsibilities Introduction...7 Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre...7 GNS Science...7 MCDEM...8 Airways Corporation...8 Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM) Groups...8 Media...8 Maritime NZ...8 Other agencies...8 Initial tsunami threat assessment Introduction...9 Responsibility of MCDEM...9 Initial assessment...9 Special considerations local source tsunami...9 Response indicators for MCDEM...10 Further assessment for national warnings Introduction...11 Estimated wave arrival times...11 Estimated wave heights...11 Coastal zones...12 Wave height categories...13 Types of Notification by MCDEM Notifications from MCDEM...14 National Advisory Tsunami: No threat to NZ...15 National Advisory Tsunami: Potential threat to NZ...16 National Warning Tsunami Threat to NZ...17 National Warning Tsunami Marine and Beach Threat...18 National Warning Tsunami Marine and L and Threat...19 National Advisory or Warning: Tsunami cancellation message...20 Request for the Broadcast of an Emergency Annoucement...21 Annexes Annex A Glossary Annex B Action guides Annex C Tsunami notification templates Annex D Tsunami categories and threat...51 Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May

52 Preface This plan describes the national arrangements to receive and assess tsunami information and to disseminate national tsunami advisories and/or warnings. New Zealand is a member of the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (an international system under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO) designed to provide timely and effective information about tsunamis or potential tsunamis generated in the Pacific Basin. In New Zealand the system is complemented by GNS Science geological hazards and sea level monitoring. MCDEM is the agency responsible for initiating national tsunami advisories and warnings to the communities of New Zealand. This plan describes the procedures to receive, assess and disseminate tsunami notifications at the national level. However, national tsunami advisories or warnings may not reach all local communities at all times. Local authorities must therefore maintain public alert systems and procedures to communicate tsunami advisories or warnings received from the national level further down stream to local communities. The arrangements for local level public alerting should be contained in CDEM Group Plans. For any tsunami warning to be effective, the population in general must be aware of the nature of tsunamis, the damage they can cause in their areas and ways to mitigate (prevent or avoid) the destructive aspects of tsunamis. The responsibility for public awareness rests at both national and local levels. Additional information about tsunamis may be found in the National Hazardscape Report on the MCDEM website, in the Publications section. 4 Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012

53 Introduction Purpose of this plan The purpose of this plan is to outline the national procedures to warn local authorities and national agencies of the approach of known or possible tsunamis that could affect coastal areas of New Zealand. The scope of this plan This is a National Advisory and Warning Plan and deals with the arrangements to receive and assess tsunami information at the national level, and the dissemination of national official 1 notifications via the National Warning System. The plan does not address the detailed actions to be taken by local authorities and national agencies upon receipt of national official tsunami notifications. Matters such as local public alerting systems, possible areas of inundation and evacuation arrangements must be incorporated into local plans. This plan can assist in the preparation of local plans and educational material. This plan also does not address the response arrangements after a tsunami has struck. Generic response arrangements are detailed in the National Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM) Plan and CDEM Group Plans for multi-hazard response. Use of this plan This plan is to be used by: Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management (MCDEM). Science agencies associated with civil defence and emergency management Emergency services Other government agencies Civil Defence & Emergency Management (CDEM) Groups Local government These organisations must plan their actions for when they receive information through the National Warning System to enable them to respond appropriately. Testing of this plan Testing of this plan will be done in conjunction with the testing of the National Warning System as well as specific exercises that MCDEM initiates or is involved in. Annexes to this plan The annexes attached to this plan provide definitions of terminology, examples of templates and action guides that are used in the response to a tsunami event, as well as additional information to assist local agencies in the development of their own area plans. The list of annexes are: Annex A - Glossary Annex B - Action Guides Annex C - Examples of tsunami notifications Annex D - Tsunami categories and threat 1. Official notifications or warnings are issued by designated authorities. They are different to natural warnings (felt, heard, and observed experiences) and informal warnings (informal means of communication e.g. person to person or media reports) Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May

54 Introduction (continued) Other documents relevant to this plan Other documents that must be read in conjunction with this plan are: Directors Guideline: Tsunami Evacuation Zones [DGL 08/08] Technical Standard: National Tsunami Signage [TS 01/08] These documents can be found on the Publications page of the Ministry s website, 6 Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012

55 Responsibilities Introduction This section provides an overview of the responsibilities of organisations responding to a tsunami event. Annex B (page 23) provides detailed Action Guides for some agencies mentioned in this section. Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) is located in Hawaii and serves as the operational headquarters for the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS). The PTWS is a tsunami warning system governed by Pacific member countries of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) which is a body under the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The PTWC monitors an expansive seismic and sea level network in the Pacific and issues tsunami bulletins under the following categories (using the location and magnitude of earthquakes as the only initial determinants): Tsunami Information Bulletin/Statement Tsunami Advisory Tsunami Watch, and Tsunami Warning The PTWC bulletin categories do not apply in New Zealand. MCDEM uses the PTWC categories as one of several considerations to initiate official advisories or warnings in New Zealand. PTWC tsunami bulletins are disseminated directly to MCDEM and GNS Science. MCDEM, with the support of GNS Science assess all bulletins received from the PTWC to determine the threat for New Zealand. PTWC tsunami bulletins are also faxed to Airways Corporation in Christchurch via the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN) and to the MetService in Wellington via the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) as redundancy measures for MCDEM. GNS Science GNS Science maintains a national geological hazards monitoring and data collection system through its GeoNet project. GeoNet incorporates dual data centres with duty officers on 20 minute 24/7 response time. Through this system GeoNet is able to detect earthquakes in the seas around New Zealand. GeoNet earthquake reports are disseminated to MCDEM. GeoNet also monitors and maintains New Zealand s sea level monitoring network around New Zealand coasts and off-shore islands. GNS Science is also expanding its GeoNet data management centre capability to include sea level information. GeoNet receive tsunami bulletins directly from PTWC. GNS Science serves as MCDEM s primary advisor for tsunami threat analysis. It can activate a tsunami experts panel usually consisting of representatives of GNS Science, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and academic institutions for this purpose when required. Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May

56 Responsibilities (continued) MCDEM The overall responsibility for the initiation and issue of national official tsunami notifications in New Zealand rests with the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management (MCDEM). MCDEM receives tsunami bulletins directly from PTWC and earthquake reports from GeoNet. MCDEM uses the National Warning System (NWS) to disseminate official tsunami notifications in the form of national advisories and warnings on a 24/7 basis. Section 19 of The Guide to the National CDEM Plan describes the NWS. MCDEM represents New Zealand in the Pacific Tsunami Warning System. MCDEM also maintains a Memorandum of Understanding with GNS Science for the provision of earthquake and tsunami information and advice to MCDEM. Airways Corporation and MetService Upon receipt of PTWC bulletins, Airways Corporation and MetService send a copy to MCDEM and contact the MCDEM Duty Officer to confirm receipt of the bulletin. CDEM Groups CDEM Groups and CDEM Group members are responsible for the planning for, development and maintenance of appropriate public alert and tsunami response systems for their areas. All the CDEM Groups and CDEM Group members receive official national tsunami advisories and warnings via the NWS. CDEM Groups and CDEM Group members are responsible for further local threat assessment and deciding on appropriate local public alerting. Media Under the arrangements contained in The Guide to the National CDEM Plan, MCDEM can request public radio and television stations to broadcast official national advisories and warnings. CDEM Groups may also include local broadcasters in their local public alerting systems. Maritime New Zealand Maritime New Zealand, using the Maritime Operations Centre, is responsible for safety of life at sea communications, including maritime safety information in Navigation Area XIV. This area covers the Pacific stretching from the equator to the South Pole and the Mid Tasman to 120 degrees west. This includes the dissemination of maritime safety information in the area it is responsible for. Other agencies A number of other New Zealand agencies, including the emergency services, receive official national tsunami advisories and warnings from MCDEM. These agencies respond to the information in accordance with their own arrangements and/or procedures and where applicable, in support of CDEM Groups. 8 Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012

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59 TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE: HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE HAWAII SOP FOR DISTANT GENERATED TSUNAMI I. PURPOSE: To provide procedural guidance for SCD staff in responding to Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued Distant Tsunami Bulletins for the Hawaiian Islands. II. GENERAL: A. A distant generated tsunami can occur at any time towards the Hawaiian Islands from earthquakes in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Arrival of damaging tsunami waves may occur anytime from 4 to 16 hours after earthquake origin time, depending upon coastal earthquake location. PTWC notifies State and County Warning Points of the issuance of various Tsunami Bulletins and subsequent bulletin cancellations. B. PTWC will issue an initial, expanding and propagating Tsunami Advisory Bulletin for a large earthquake magnitude 7.9 or greater, with wave arrival time to Hawaii greater than 6 hours. PTWC is determining whether a destructive Pacific wide tsunami has been generated. This expanding Tsunami Advisory Bulletin could be upgraded to a Tsunami Watch Bulletin when wave arrival time is about 6 hours to Hawaii. C. PTWC will issue an initial, expanding Tsunami Watch Bulletin for a large earthquake magnitude 7.9 or greater between 3-6 hours wave arrival time to Hawaii. PTWC is still in the process of determining whether a destructive Pacific wide tsunami has been generated. Hawaii also placed in a Tsunami Watch for large northwest Pacific Ocean earthquakes (north of 35 degrees north latitude) that are greater than 6 hours wave arrival time, per Civil Defense request. D. PTWC will issue an expanding Tsunami Warning Bulletin if there is evidence that a destructive Pacific wide tsunami has been generated and/or wave arrival time to Hawaii is 3 hours or less. Moreover, PTWC can issue a Pacific Wide Warning Bulletin at any time when a destructive tsunami is detected. When a Tsunami Warning Bulletin is issued, sirens are normally sounded statewide and a live Emergency Alert System (EAS) message is broadcast by SCD to begin coastal evacuation. 1 SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final doc

60 E. PTWC will issue an initial, non-expanding Tsunami Advisory Bulletin for major earthquakes with magnitudes between 7.6 to 7.8 in the south and northwest Pacific Ocean, or 7.1 to 7.8 in Alaska, Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, or California. Note: Most of these historical earthquakes have not generated Pacific-wide destructive tsunamis. Areas within 1000 kilometers of the epicenter will be placed in a precautionary warning area. F. PTWC will issue a Tsunami Information Bulletin for a strong earthquake magnitude between 6.5 to 7.5. No Pacific-wide tsunami generation is expected. G. The media is simultaneously receiving information on the event via NOAA Weather Wire and NOAA Weather Radio. III. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES: A. When directed, SCD staff receiving a PTWC Advisory/Watch/Warning Bulletin via a pager or cell phone will immediately and as safely as possible, report to the Emergency Operating Center (EOC) if in the vicinity of Diamond Head Crater. B. SCD staff members will use discretion during off duty hours. If an SCD staff member is with family and within close proximity to the EOC, proceed to the EOC with the family. C. As a minimum, SCD staff should be aware as to whether primary-driving routes from residence to EOC traverse published tsunami evacuation maps in the front of the telephone book. IV. OPERATIONS: A. Upon receipt of a PTWC Tsunami Advisory/Watch/Warning Bulletin, and when directed by the Director / Vice Director of Civil Defense or authorized representative, personnel assigned to Crisis Action Team (CAT A) will activate the EOC Control Point during duty hours. CAT B personnel will fill vacant CAT A positions. B. Upon receipt of a Tsunami Advisory Bulletin, and when directed, the Initial Response Team (IRT) will report to the EOC during non-duty hours to monitor the event and be prepared to respond appropriately to a potential upgrade of the tsunami bulletin. C. Upon receipt of a Tsunami Watch or Warning Bulletin, and when directed by the Director/Vice Director of Civil Defense or authorized representative, personnel assigned to Crisis Action Team (CAT) A will be notified to immediately report to the EOC 2 SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final doc

61 during non-duty hours. Personnel are directed to immediately proceed to the EOC as rapidly and safely as possible. Initial notification will be to the A Team Leader and the Alternate A Team Leader. The subsequent notification will be to the B Team Leader (in his absence, the B Team Alternate or any other B Team member who can be contacted), who will assume responsibility for rapid notification of the remainder of CAT A. The B Team notification person will use his discretion and resources to substitute appropriate CAT B personnel when CAT A personnel cannot be contacted or are unavailable to immediately respond. During duty hours, CAT A personnel will activate the EOC Control Point. CAT B personnel will fill vacant CAT A positions. D. Within minutes of initial notification, the B Team Leader will telephonically contact the A Team Leader at the EOC to provide the status of personnel responding to the EOC. E. The B Team Leader has the responsibility for telephonic notification of the Civil Defense coordinators for State agencies. F. The B Team Leader will, as appropriate, notify his team of events and prepare them to relieve CAT A at a mutually agreed upon time. For extended operations, changes to team assignments may have to be made. G. The B Team alternate will contact Ruger Security to have the Kahala tunnel unlocked for arriving CAT A personnel. Ruger security should be contacted to leave the gates unlocked for arriving personnel. H. If unable to SAFELY respond to the EOC, proceed to an alternate location. These locations could include Oahu Civil Defense Agency (OCDA), neighbor island EOC, the Hawaii Regional Air Operations Control Center (HIRAOCC), or a National Guard Armory. Communicate your location to the EOC. The SCD staff will use discretion when responding. V. ADMINISTRATION AND SUPPORT: A. The Plans and Operations Branch is responsible for maintaining a copy of the SOP in the Control Point SOP Operations Manual. Persons assigned to SCD should be provided an copy. B. Branch Chiefs and supervisors will insure employees are familiar with the SOP. C. The Training, Education and Information (TEI) Branch will support training needs for all employees. 3 SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final doc

62 D. Recommendations for additions, deletions or modifications to the SOP will be submitted through Branch Chiefs to Plans and Operations. E. Branch Chiefs will report to Plans and Operations any changes in equipment or procedures or status of equipment that might affect procedures for executing this SOP. APPROVED: Vice Director of Civil Defense DATE: 4 SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final doc

63 TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE: HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE ANNEX E: HAWAII DISTANT-GENERATED TSUNAMI RESPONSE CHECKLIST I. PURPOSE To provide procedural guidance and action steps to be followed in responding to a notification of a potential distant-generated tsunami that could impact the Hawaiian Islands. II. GENERAL In the event of an earthquake, or other underwater incident, with the potential of generating a tsunami, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) could issue a Tsunami Advisory Bulletin concerning the incident while determining whether or not a tsunami has been generated. Notification will normally be issued over the HAWAS and the Inter-Island Data System. However, information may also be passed through AIRCOM, the SWP, or directly from PTWC after normal office hours. If a tsunami watch or warning is issued by PTWC, the Civil Defense system will be used to alert the public [Emergency Alert System (EAS)]. Sirens will be used to advise those in threatened areas of evacuation procedures and other protective measures. The State Civil Defense Initial Response Team (IRT) will report to the Emergency Operating Center (EOC): 1) only when directed and; 2) upon receipt of notification of a Tsunami Advisory Bulletin with a moment magnitude of 7.1 or greater (in Alaska, Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon or California) or 7.6 or greater (in the South Pacific). Personnel assigned to Crisis Action Team (CAT) A will report to the State EOC upon receipt of a Tsunami Watch or Warning Bulletin for the State of Hawaii. III. ACTIONS REQUIRED ON INITIAL NOTIFICATION [ ] NOTE: Complete Annex B, Emergency Operation Center Activation Checklist (Primary Notification means of contacting State Civil Defense Staff is the SCD Telephone notification / Recall Roster) Issued, Event, Time, Watch/Warning 1 st wave arrival Time at. Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 1 of 13

64 (RED) (BLUE) [ ] A. Open Incident Journal and record all information received concerning the incident, and confirm details with the source, if necessary. (Location: EM2000 Live - Incident Recorder) [ ] B. Notify Vice Director. If unable to contact, notify Director. NOTE: If unable to contact Vice Director, and Director, contact DAG. Yes / No / Recommend/Confirm 1 st Statewide siren sounding time for 1 st wave arrival. Time /By Yes / No / Recommend/Request his guidance on school closures and State Worker release. Time /By Yes / No / Recommend/Request his guidance on Audio/Video broadcasts. Time /By Yes / No / Verify that Vice Director will inform Director and Governor of situation. Time /By Yes / No / Obtain Vice Director s approval to notify CAP of possible Tsunami threat. Time /By (GREEN) (RED) (GREEN) (BLUE) (BLUE) [ ] C. Call Team Leader, if unable, call alternate leader that SCD is activating the recall system and call lists. Note: This step is critical when activation is required during duty hours. Time /By [ ] D. Confirm via HAWAS County Civil Defense Agencies are aware of the possible Tsunami generation. If no response contact CD Administrator via normal phone lines. [ ] Kauai [ ] Oahu [ ] Maui [ ] Hawaii [ ] Set up Siren warning coordination conference time at 1 st wave arrival minus 3.5 hours. Time /By [ ] E. Contact/verify PIO release with Team Leader and Telecom to prepare audio broadcast (script/hardware). Time /By [ ] F. Notify Civil Air Patrol (CAP) of possible threat of Tsunami. (NOTE: Stress NOT an approval for flight. Preparation only) Time /By [ ] G. Contact following to advise them of a possible Tsunami generation: 1. EAS Announcer. 2. JTF-HD Operations Center. 3. USPACOM Command Center, Camp H. M. Smith. Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 2 of 13

65 4. FEMA Pacific Area Office. [ ] H. Prepare video brief for broadcast. Obtain Vice Director s or Team Leader s Approval to broadcast video brief. Time /By Video Slides - (J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Video Crawlers & Slides\ ) Crawlers - (Video room \Computer A\Codi Pro Program ) NOTE: Confirm coordination with cable access providers for broadcast completed by Telecomm. [ ] I. Post EOC display boards with first wave arrival times, significant weather information, field station readings, and any other critical items. (GREEN) [ ] J. Verify with B Team Leader completion of: [ ] Telephone Notification/Recall System Time /By Call List #1 Call List #2 Call List #3 [ ] Individuals not contacted: (GREEN) (GREEN) (GREEN) [ ] K. Obtain status of school evacuation & closure policy from Team Leader. If status not available contact Department of Education Representative. Time /By [ ] L. Obtain status of State Worker Evacuation policy from Team Leader. If status not available contact Department of Human Resources Development Director. If unable, contact HRD Deputy. Time /By [ ] M. Obtain status of Federal Worker Evacuation Policy. Contact Federal Executive Board Representative Time /By [ ] N. CONFIRM ANNEX B (EOC Activation Checklist) COMPLETED. Time /By [ ] O. Prepare for Audio Transmissions. NOTE: A 15-minute countdown with Radio/TV stations prior to an actual broadcast MUST be initiated. [ ] Audio [ ] Confirm Audio Booths open. Time /By [ ] Confirm Audio Equipment turned on. Time /By Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 3 of 13

66 [ ] Confirm Audio script prepared. Time /By [ ] Vice Director s approval to Broadcast. Time /By [ ] Announcer is present. Time /By [ ] Confirm countdown is coordinated Time /By [ ] Video [ ] Update video brief (Power Point). Time /By [ ] Vice Director s approval to broadcast. Time /By NOTE: The first siren sounding (1 ST wave arrival time minus 3 hours) will be accomplished simultaneously statewide. Time permitting and with proper coordination, sirens may be sounded earlier than 3 hours before 1 st wave arrival. Subsequent siren soundings may be accomplished by individual counties based on wave arrival estimates for each county / island. (RED) [ ] P. Coordinate via HAWAS Initial Siren Sounding with all County Civil Defense Administrators. (1 st Wave arrival minus 3 hours) (Time ). Time /By ELAPSED EOC ACTIVATION TIME STANDARD TO THIS POINT IN CHECKLIST IS 30 MINUTES [ ] Q. If a Tsunami Watch / Warning cancellation is received go to section VII. IV. ACTIONS REQUIRED ON CONFIRMATION OF TSUNAMI (WARNING) (RED) [ ] A. Determine time/height of high tide for islands.. (Location: PDC Home Page/Tide Information & Tide Gauge Data) or the posted Tide Calendar. Check Surf conditions for islands.. (Location: PDC Home Page/Today s Weather/Marine Info/Surf Observations & Forecasts). Post information on Boards. Time /By [ ] B. Confirm via HAWAS the timing for sounding the Civil Defense sirens, and the initial State EAS announcement with County Civil Defense Administrators. Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 4 of 13

67 (Note: Civil Defense sirens will be sounded a minimum of four times prior to arrival of the 1st wave.) Once when first wave ETA is three hours Again when ETA is two hours Again when ETA is one hour And finally when ETA is one-half hour (Time ). (Time ). (Time ). (Time ). REMINDER: DURING SIREN SOUNDING TELEPHONE LINES WILL BE UNUSABLE FOR APPROXIMATELY 15 MINUTES. (BLUE) [ ] C. Notify Vice Director. If unable to contact, notify Director. NOTE: If unable to contact Vice-Director, and Director, contact DAG. Time /By (BLUE) [ ] D. Notify Civil Air Patrol (CAP). Advise them to launch with mission number (Obtain # from Plans & Ops) Time /By [ ] E. Prepare initial Status Report and Briefing for Governor/Director. (J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Correspondence\ ) (J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Briefings\ ) Time /By [ ] F. UPDATE NOTIFIER MESSAGE AS NECESSARY. Time /By [ ] G. Team Leader considers authorizing on duty EOC staff to make one short personal phone call to inform family of impending siren sounding. (RED) [ ] H. CONFIRM with TELECOM, that the Joint Military Disaster Communications Net is activated. Time /By (RED) [ ] I. CONFIRM all State Civil Defense Coordinators ARE AWARE of the Tsunami WARNING. Time /By (RED) [ ] J. Monitor / CONFIRM with TELECOM, all Counties for 2 nd, 3 rd, and 4 th siren sounding of the 1 st wave s arrival. (2 nd sounding Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii ) (3 rd sounding Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii ) Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 5 of 13

68 (4 th sounding Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii ) (GREEN) [ ] K. Poll State Civil Defense Coordinators following 2 nd siren sounding for status update or problems incurred. Time /By [ ] L. If a Tsunami Watch/Warning cancellation is received go to section VII. If not, continue. V. RESPONSE ACTIONS (Wave Arrival Through Tsunami Warning Cancellation) AGENCY SEARCH & RESCUE SEARCH/ RECON RESCUE MARITIME RESCUE LAND LAW ENFORC MEDICAL PREP TO RESPOND TO DOH/HAH X X X USCG/JRCC X X X X DOT-AIRPORTS DOT/HARBORS X X X HING X X X DLNR X X X X X CAP DAGS X JTF - HD X X X X HI US&R TF X X X ACTIVATE SERT ARC X X X DOE X X DHS HTA DoAgri X X PSD X X AG X X SHELTER X GOV S PROC X Call following agencies for assistance (see response matrix above): [ ] A. Call DOH/HAH. Be prepared to respond to medical emergencies. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. Time /By [ ] B. Call USCG/Joint Rescue Coordination Center. Be prepared to conduct search and rescue on land and sea. Be prepared to assist with law enforcement in maritime areas. Time /By [ ] C. Call DOT-AIRPORTS. Request DOT-AIRPORTS contact FAA to close affected airports and restrict Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 6 of 13

69 airspace. Request immediate status of airports in Hilo, Keahole-Kona, and Kahului. Time /By [ ] D. Call DOT/Harbors. Be prepared to conduct maritime search and rescue in Harbors. Be prepared to provide law enforcement for Harbors areas. Time /By [ ] E. Call HING. Be prepared to assist with land search and rescue. Be prepared to assist with law enforcement Time /By [ ] F. Call DLNR. Be prepared to conduct search, reconnaissance and rescue on land. Be prepared to provide law enforcement when requested. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. Time /By [ ] G. Call CAP. Be prepared to conduct search and reconnaissance. Time /By [ ] H. Call DAGS. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and provide a SERT meeting place. Time /By [ ] I. Call JTF-HD USARPAC (DSCA). Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance, search and rescue on land and sea. Be prepared to assist with medical response. Time /By [ ] J. Call US&R Task Force. Be prepared to activate the Hawaii US&R Task Force Phone Tree. Time /By [ ] K. Call ARC. Be prepared to assist with damage assessment and shelter management. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. Time /By [ ] L. Call DOE. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelters. Request immediate status of schools in affected areas. Time /By [ ] M. Call DHS. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. Time /By [ ] N. Call Governor s Tourism Liaison. Be prepared to assist with the sheltering of tourists. Time /By [ ] O. Call DAgri. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelter feeding. Time /By Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 7 of 13

70 [ ] P. Call PSD. Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance and law enforcement. Time /By [ ] Q. Call USDA/FSA. Time /By Be prepared to convene the State Emergency Board and Food Advisory Council. [ ] R. Verify with B Team Leader completion of: Time /By [ ] Telephone Notification/Recall. Call List #1 Call List #2 Call List #3 [ ] Individuals not contacted: Time /By [ ] S. Call AG. Be prepared to assist with drafting the Governor s Proclamation. Time /By VI. RESPONSE AND RECOVERY ACTIONS (Tsunami Warning Cancellation Through ALL CLEAR ) Rapid Needs Assessment [ ] A. Request PERDISREPS from State and County agencies. Damage information will help to determine RNA actions. Information entered into EM2000. Time /By [ ] B. Verify with Vice Director composition, number and deployment plans for Rapid Needs Assessment teams (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell). Determination will be based on severity of damages initially reported or expected in each County and population of affected areas. Time /By [ ] C. RNA teams prepare for deployment: Logistics (Equipment, travel arrangements, resource materials) Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 8 of 13

71 Coordinate with County Civil Defense Agencies Coordinate with National Guard (Staff support for RNA teams, and transportation) Coordinate with State Agencies (DOT, DAGS, DOE) Time /By [ ] D. Control Point staff assists RNA teams to coordinate support required for assessment. (National Guard, State agencies DOT, DAGS, DOE) Time /By [ ] E. Notify Federal Agencies Mobile Emergency Response Support (MERS) Operations Center (MOC) Federal Emergency Management Agency PAO Time /By [ ] F. Activate the State Emergency Response Team upon the Director or Vice Director s approval (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell). Time /By [ ] G. Request HING augmentation to the State EOC Time /By [ ] H. Ensure State EOC maintains liaison with CAP, National Guard, and other agencies with an aerial observation and monitoring capability (Note: May be necessary for evacuation management and/or damage assessment.) Time /By [ ] I. Monitor 14 th Coast Guard District s search efforts. Time /By [ ] J. Establish time and procedures for a press conference. Prepare to establish a Joint Information Center. [ ] K. Contact EOC volunteers to determine availability for duty. (Building Safety Inspections for occupancy.) [ ] L. Report RNA results to Vice Director. (Information received from RNA teams) Time /By Time /By Time /By [ ] M. Coordinate Emergency Needs. (Information received from RNA teams) Coordinate with FEMA Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 9 of 13

72 Coordinate with SERT Coordinate with Red Cross Coordinate with VOAD Arrange staging sites and transportation with National Guard Arrange distribution sites with County Civil Defense agencies Time /By [ ] N. Evaluate damage reports, confer with County Civil Defense agencies and FEMA to determine if a joint Preliminary Damage Assessment should be conducted. Time /By [ ] O. Confer with County Civil Defense Agencies to determine need and location for Disaster Assistance and Recovery Centers (DARCs). Get approval for DARC management plan from the Vice Director. Coordinate with county civil defense agencies the locations for DARC. Coordinate DARC set-up by SCD team Coordinate with State Agencies (Dept. of Health, Dept. of Taxation, Dept. of Labor and Industrial Relations, Dept. of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, Dept. of Agriculture, Dept. of Human Services, Dept. of Commerce and Consumer Affairs.) Coordinate with Federal Agencies (as appropriate) FEMA, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, U.S. Small Business Agency (SBA) Time /By [ ] P. Prepare briefing for Governor on RNA information. Time /By [ ] Q. Prepare press releases. Time /By Preliminary Damage Assessment [ ] R. Verify with Vice Director actions for joint PDA to be completed: (based on areas to inspect) Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 10 of 13

73 Number of teams Team compositions for Hazard Mitigation, Individual Assistance, Public Assistance [ ] S. Coordinate the conduct of joint PDAs: Support from Federal/State Agencies SBA, DOT, DAGS, DOE Time /By FEMA and County Civil Defense agencies Coordinate operating site for joint PDA teams Select areas to be inspected State agencies to support PDAs DOT, DOE, DAGS Federal agencies SBA Time /By [ ] T. Coordinate transportation with National Guard for joint Preliminary Damage Assessments. Time /By [ ] U. Coordinate receipt of County Emergency Proclamations. Time /By [ ] V. Receive results from JPDA and report to Vice Director. Time /By [ ] W. Coordinate preparation of Draft copy of Governor s Proclamation for Vice Director using information from PDA. (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell/AG CDC) Time /By [ ] X. Coordinate with the Attorney General CDC preparation of Draft letter to the President via FEMA Region IX requesting an Emergency Declaration for Director and Vice Director. (J:\EMERGENCY\HURRICANE\ ) (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell) Time /By [ ] Y. Team Leader to submit summary of Requests For Assistance (RFA) to Administrative Officer after shift changeover. Time /By VII. ACTIONS REQUIRED ON CANCELLATION OF TSUNAMI WATCH/WARNING Cancellation of a Tsunami watch or warning must be communicated to all County, State, Federal departments and agencies as well as the public. Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 11 of 13

74 [ ] A. Note time PTWC cancels the Tsunami Watch/Warning for the State of Hawaii. Time /By [ ] B. If cancellation occurs before first wave arrival time, NOTIFY the following: 1. Vice Director. If unable to contact, notify Director. NOTE: If unable to contact Vice Director, and Director, contact DAG. Time /By 2. Call Team Leader. She will notify all on Recall Roster who have not reported to the EOC and the CD Coordinators. Time /By 3. EAS Announcer. Time /By 4. JTF-HD Operations Center. Time /By 5. USPACOM Command Center, Camp H. M. Smith. Time /By 6. FEMA Pacific Area Office. Time /By 7. Department of Education Representative. Time /By 8. Department of Human Resources Development Director. If unable, contact DHRD Deputy Janice Kemp. Time /By 9. Federal Executive Board Representative. Time /By 10. Team leader for Public Information announcements and Telecom to prepare for the audio broadcast. Time /By 11. Prepare video crawler for broadcast. Obtain Vice Director s Approval to broadcast. Time /By 12. Civil Air Patrol (CAP). Time /By 13. Tsunami Advisor(s). Time /By Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 12 of 13

75 14. HING EOC. Time /By [ ] C. When PTWC issues a watch/warning cancellation, SCD will coordinate an ALL CLEAR announcement with each county Civil Defense Agency. (Ensure all Counties are in receipt of PTWC cancellation). Time All Clear announced. (Each County Administrator will initiate All Clear EBS / EAS transmission for their County.) [ ] D. If appropriate, deactivate the EOC. Complete Section VII of this checklist. Time /By VIII. DEACTIVATION CHECKLIST [ ] A. Complete the EOC Deactivation Checklist (Annex C). Time /By [ ] B. Complete the Incident Journal Time /By APPROVED BY DATE Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) Final.doc, Page 13 of 13

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77 TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE: HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE I. PURPOSE: To provide procedural guidance for SCD staff in responding to a Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING or Local Tsunami Information Bulletin due to an earthquake in the Hawaiian Islands. II. GENERAL: A. A locally generated tsunami can occur at any time in the Hawaiian Islands. Arrival of damaging tsunami waves from the time of the seismic event can occur almost immediately and up to sixty minutes depending upon distance from the epicenter. A local tsunami will most likely originate from a Big Island coastal earthquake or coastal landslide. B. PTWC will issue an URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING under the following conditions in the Hawaiian Islands: 1) An earthquake occurs greater than a preliminary 6.8 magnitude or 2) coastal tide stations and recorders detect tsunami waves. The PTWC notifies the National Weather Service (NWS), which initiates the URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING Emergency Alert System (EAS) Message. Additionally, PTWC, via HAWAS, contacts County Warning Points (CWPs), which activate their County Siren Systems as designated. These actions are taken immediately regardless of the time of day since the danger of initial run up of the tsunami is imminent. C. In the event of a seismic ground-shaking event with NO expected tsunami generation, PTWC will issue a Local Tsunami Information Bulletin. D. The media is simultaneously receiving information on the event via NOAA Weather Wire and NOAA Weather Radio. III. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES: A. SCD staff receiving a PTWC URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING via pager or cell phone for any location within the State of Hawaii (whether accompanied by siren sounding or not) will immediately and as safely as possible report to the Emergency Operating Center (EOC) in 1

78 Diamond Head Crater. If unable to SAFELY respond to the EOC, proceed to an alternate location. These locations could include Oahu Civil Defense Agency (OCDA), the Hawaii Regional Air Operations Control Center (HIRAOCC), Wheeler Army Airfield, or a National Guard Armory. SCD staff that are unable to respond to EOC should communicate their alternate location to the EOC. B. SCD Staff will use discretion during off duty hours. If an SCD Staff member is with family and within close proximity to the EOC, proceed to EOC with the family. C. As a minimum, SCD staff should be aware as to whether primarydriving routes from residence to EOC traverse published tsunami evacuation maps in the front of the telephone book. IV. OPERATIONS: A. Upon receipt of a 1) URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING, or 2) Local Tsunami Information Bulletin with strong earthquake magnitude 6.0 or greater, Crisis Action Team (CAT) A personnel will activate the EOC Control Point during duty hours. CAT B personnel will fill vacant CAT A positions. During non-duty hours, all SCD personnel are directed to immediately proceed to the EOC as rapidly and safely as possible. B. When directed, the Initial Response Team (IRT) will report to the EOC upon receipt of a Local Tsunami Information Bulletin with moderate earthquake magnitude to assess earthquake ground-shaking effects. C. The B Team Leader has the responsibility for telephonic notification of the Civil Defense coordinators for State agencies. Civil Defense Coordinators are to be reminded to submit PERDISREP two hours following an urgent local tsunami warning event or seismic groundshaking event. D. Based on availability of SCD personnel, CAT A and CAT B Team Leaders will reconstitute teams as appropriate for continuous manning of the EOC. E. SCD Staff members are reminded that Ruger security should be contacted to leave the gates unlocked for arriving personnel. V. ADMINISTRATION AND SUPPORT: A. The Plans and Operations Branch is responsible for maintaining a copy of the SOP in the Control Point SOP Operations Manual. Persons assigned to SCD should be provided an copy. B. Branch Chiefs and supervisors will ensure employees are familiar with the SOP. 2

79 C. The Training, Education and Information (TEI) Branch will support training needs for all employees. D. Recommendations for additions, deletions or modifications to the SOP will be submitted through Branch Chiefs to Plans and Operations. E. Branch Chiefs will report to Plans and Operations any changes in equipment or procedures or status of equipment that might affect procedures for executing this SOP. APPROVED: DATE: 3

80 TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE: HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE ANNEX D: LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMI RESPONSE CHECKLIST I. PURPOSE To provide procedural guidance and action steps to be followed in responding to a Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING due to a local seismic event. II. GENERAL Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) will issue an URGENT TSUNAMI Warning under the following conditions in the Hawaiian Islands: 1) An earthquake occurs greater than a preliminary 6.8 magnitude near the coastline or 2) coastal tide stations and recorders detect tsunami waves. The PTWC notifies the National Weather Service (NWS), which initiates the URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING Emergency Alert System (EAS) Message. Additionally, PTWC, via HAWAS, contacts County Warning Points (CWPs), which activate their County Siren Systems as appropriate. These actions are taken immediately regardless of the time of day since the danger of initial run up of the tsunami is imminent. III. IMMEDIATE OUTSIDE AGENCY ACTIONS [ ] A. PTWC issues via HAWAS, an URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING due to a local seismic event as well as a text message of the event. [ ] B. NWS INITIATES EAS message for a Local URGENT TSUNAMI Warning. NWS will REPEAT transmitting the EAS message for URGENT TSUNAMI every FIVE minutes until cancellation of the URGENT TSUNAMI Warning. [ ] C. Upon receipt of HAWAS message, designated County Warning Points in Tsunami Warning areas sound sirens immediately. Sirens will initially sound for a continuous 3-minute period. Counties have the option of repeating the siren sounding pattern. [ ] D. County Civil Defense will use their Live Broadcast capability to provide amplifying information to their county as desired. [ ] E. Television and Radio stations will rebroadcast the EAS message for URGENT TSUNAMI Warning when received until the warning is cancelled. IV. ACTIONS REQUIRED ON INITIAL NOTIFICATION [ ] A. Verify, via HAWAS, that sirens were sounded on affected counties. (Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Kauai ) Time /By 5/7/04 PAGE 1 of 7

81 [ ] B. Verify activation via TELECOMM of the EAS by the NWS, insure proper message is being broadcasted. Time /By [ ] C. Notify Vice Director. If unable to contact, notify Director. Yes / No / Verify that Vice Director will inform Director and Governor of situation. Time /By [ ] D. Activate the EOC. Complete Annex B. Time /By [ ] E. Create via EM2000 an Incident and record in Message Tracker all information received concerning the incident, and confirm details with the source. Time /By [ ] F. Call B team Leader. Verify B Team is activating the recall system & call lists. Note: Request initial PERDISREPS at earthquake origin time plus two hours. Time /By [ ] G. Confirm via HAWAS County Civil Defense Agencies are aware of the possible Tsunami generation. If no response contact the CD Administrator via normal phone lines. Request PERDISREPS at earthquake origin time, plus two hours. [ ] Hawaii [ ] Maui [ ] Oahu [ ] Kauai Time /By [ ] H. Contact the following to advise them of a possible Tsunami generation: [ ] 1. United States Army Pacific (USARPAC) if unable, contact USAG-HI - Duty Officer. [ ] 2. USPACOM Command Center, Camp H. M. Smith. [ ] 3. FEMA Pacific Area Office. Time /By [ ] I. Request the Pacific Disaster Center run and post the HAZUS (Hazards U.S.) Earthquake Loss Estimation Model on the PDC web site to provide preliminary damage estimate including graphics presentation. Time /By [ ] J. CONFIRM ANNEX B (EOC Activation Checklist) COMPLETED. Time /By [ ] K. Prepare initial Status Report & Briefing for Governor/Director. Time /By (J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Correspondence\ ) (J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Briefings\ ) [ ] L. If a Tsunami Warning cancellation is received go to section VII, if not, continue. V. RESPONSE AGENCY SEARCH/ RECON SEARCH & RESCUE RESCUE MARITIME RESCUE LAND LAW ENFORC PREP TO MEDICAL RESPOND TO ACTIVATE SERT DOH/HAH X X X USCG/JRCC X X X X SHELTER GOV S PROC 5/7/04 PAGE 2 of 7

82 DOT-AIRPORTS X DOT/HARBORS X X X HING X X X DLNR X X X X X CAP X X DAGS X USARPAC(MSCA) X X X X HI US&R TF X X ARC X X X DOE X X DHS X HTA X Dagri X X PSD X X AG Call following agencies for assistance (see response matrix above): X [ ] A. Call DOH/HAH. Be prepared to respond to medical emergencies. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. Time /By [ ] B. Call USCG/Joint Rescue Coordination Center. Be prepared to conduct search and rescue on land and sea. Be prepared to assist with law enforcement in maritime areas. Time /By [ ] C. Call DOT-AIRPORTS. Time /By Request DOT-AIRPORTS contact FAA to close affected airports and restrict airspace. Request immediate status of airports in Hilo, Keahole-Kona, and Kahului. [ ] D. Call DOT/Harbors. Be prepared to conduct maritime search and rescue in Harbors. Be prepared to provide law enforcement for Harbors areas. Time /By [ ] E. Call HING. Be prepared to assist with land search and rescue. Be prepared to assist with law enforcement. Time /By [ ] F. Call DLNR. Be prepared to conduct search, reconnaissance and rescue on land. Be prepared to provide law enforcement when requested. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. Time /By [ ] G. Call CAP. Be prepared to conduct search and reconnaissance. Time /By [ ] H. Call DAGS. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and provide a SERT meeting place. Time /By 5/7/04 PAGE 3 of 7

83 [ ] I. Call USARPAC. Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance, search and rescue on land and sea. Be prepared to assist with medical response. Time /By [ ] J. Call US&R Task Force. Be prepared to activate the Hawaii US&R Task Force Phone Tree. Time /By [ ] K. Call ARC. Be prepared to assist with damage assessment and shelter management. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. Time /By [ ] L. Call DOE. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelters. Request immediate status of schools in affected areas. Time /By [ ] M. Call DHS. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation. [ ] N. Call Governor s Tourism Liaison. Be prepared to assist with the sheltering of tourists. Time /By Time /By [ ] O. Call DAgri. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelter feeding. Time /By [ ] P. Call PSD. Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance and law enforcement. Time /By [ ] Q. Call USDA/FSA. Be prepared to convene the State Emergency Board and Food Advisory Council. [ ] R. Verify with B Team Leader completion of: Time /By [ ] Telephone Notification/Recall. Call List #1 Call List #2 Call List #3 [ ] Individuals not contacted: Time /By [ ] S. Call AG. Be prepared to assist with drafting the Governor s Proclamation. Time /By VI. RECOVERY Rapid Needs Assessment [ ] A. Review PERDISREPS from State and County agencies. Damage information will help determine RNA actions. Information entered into EM2000. Time /By [ ] B. Verify with Vice Director composition, number and deployment plans for Rapid Needs Assessment teams (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell). Determination will be 5/7/04 PAGE 4 of 7

84 based on severity of damages initially reported or expected in each County and population of affected areas. Time /By [ ] C. RNA teams prepare for deployment: Logistics (Equipment, travel arrangements, resource materials) Coordinate with County Civil Defense Agencies Coordinate with National Guard (Staff support for RNA teams, and transportation) Coordinate with State Agencies (DOT, DAGS, DOE) Time /By [ ] D. Control Point staff assist RNA teams to coordinate support required for assessment. (National Guard, State agencies DOT, DAGS, DOE) Time /By [ ] E. Notify Federal Agencies Mobile Emergency Response Support (MERS) Operations Center (MOC) Federal Emergency Management Agency PAO Time /By [ ] F. Activate the State Emergency Response Team upon the Director or Vice Director s approval(coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell). Time /By [ ] G. Request HING augmentation to the State EOC. Time /By [ ] H. Ensure State EOC maintains liaison with CAP, National Guard, and other agencies with an aerial observation and monitoring capability (Note: May be necessary for evacuation management and/or damage assessment.) Time /By [ ] I. Monitor 14 th Coast Guard District s search efforts. Time /By [ ] J. Establish time and procedures for a press conference. Prepare to establish a Joint Information Center. Time /By [ ] K. Contact EOC volunteers to determine availability for duty. (Building Safety Inspections for occupancy.) [ ] L. Report RNA results to Vice Director. (Information received from RNA teams) Time /By Time /By [ ] M. Coordinate Emergency Needs. (Information received from RNA teams) Coordinate with FEMA Coordinate with SERT Coordinate with Red Cross 5/7/04 PAGE 5 of 7

85 Coordinate with VOAD Arrange staging sites and transportation with National Guard Arrange distribution sites with County Civil Defense agencies Time /By [ ] N. Evaluate damage reports, confer with County Civil Defense Agencies and FEMA to determine if a joint Preliminary Damage Assessment should be conducted. Time /By [ ] O. Confer with County Civil Defense Agencies to determine need and location for Disaster Assistance and Recovery Centers (DARCs). Get approval for DARC management plan from the Vice Director. Coordinate with County Civil Defense Agencies the locations for DARC. Coordinate DARC set-up by SCD team Coordinate with State Agencies (Dept.of Health, Dept. of Taxation, Dept. of Labor and Industrial Relations, Dept. of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, Dept. of Agriculture, Dept. of Human Services, Dept. of Commerce and Consumer Affairs.) Coordinate with Federal Agencies (as appropriate) FEMA, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, U.S. Small Business Agency (SBA) Time /By [ ] P. Prepare briefing for Governor on RNA information. Time /By [ ] Q. Prepare press releases. Time /By Preliminary Damage Assessment [ ] R. Verify with Vice Director actions for joint PDA to be completed: (based on areas to inspect) Number of teams Team compositions for Hazard Mitigation, Individual Assistance, Public Assistance Support from Federal/State Agencies SBA, DOT, DAGS, DOE Time /By [ ] S. Coordinate the conduct of joint PDAs: FEMA and County Civil Defense agencies Coordinate operating site for joint PDA teams Select areas to be inspected State agencies to support PDAs DOT, DOE, DAGS Federal agencies SBA Time /By 5/7/04 PAGE 6 of 7

86 [ ] T. Coordinate transportation with National Guard for joint Preliminary Damage Assessments. Time /By [ ] U. Coordinate receipt of County Emergency Proclamations. Time /By [ ] V. Receive results from JPDA and report to Vice Director. Time /By [ ] W. Coordinate preparation of Draft copy of Governor s Proclamation for Vice Director using information from PDA. (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell/AG CDC) Time /By) [ ] X. Coordinate with the Attorney General CDC preparation of Draft letter to the President via FEMA Region IX requesting an Emergency Declaration for Director and Vice Director. (J:\EMERGENCY\HURRICANE\ ) )(Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell) Time /By [ ] Y. Team Leader to submit summary of Requests For Assistance (RFA) to Administrative Officer after shift changeover. Time /By VII. EOC DEACTIVATION [ ] A. Complete the EOC Deactivation Checklist Time /By (Annex C). [ ] B. Complete the Incident Journal. Time /By APPROVED BY DATE 5/7/04 PAGE 7 of 7

87 TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE: HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE HAWAII URGENT LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING EAS BROADCAST SCRIPT THE PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER HAS ISSUED AN URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING FOR (select one): [ ] THE ISLANDS OF HAWAII, MAUI, MOLOKAI, LANAI and KAHOOLAWE ONLY -Or- [ ] (All ISLANDS in the State of Hawaii) - Or [ ] THE ISLANDS OF (fill in the blanks),,, A LOCAL TSUNAMI HAS BEEN GENERATED. IMMEDIATELY EVACUATE ALL BEACHES AND ALL LOW LYING COASTAL AREAS. MOVE INLAND TO HIGHER GROUND OR MOVE TO THE 3 RD FLOOR AND ABOVE IN STEEL AND CONCRETE BUILDINGS. I Repeat, THE PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER HAS ISSUED AN URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING FOR (select one): [ ] THE ISLANDS OF HAWAII, MAUI, MOLOKAI, LANAI and KAHOOLAWE ONLY -Or- [ ] (All ISLANDS in the State of Hawaii) - Or [ ] THE ISLANDS OF (fill in the blanks),,, A LOCAL TSUNAMI HAS BEEN GENERATED. IMMEDIATELY EVACUATE ALL BEACHES AND ALL LOW LYING COASTAL AREAS. MOVE INLAND TO HIGHER GROUND OR MOVE TO THE 3 RD FLOOR AND ABOVE IN STEEL AND CONCRETE BUILDINGS. STAY TUNED TO YOUR RADIO FOR FURTHER CIVIL DEFENSE ADVISORIES AND INSTRUCTIONS. I repeat (go to top of script). -END- (SCD: 7/02/04)

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91 Annex T - Appendix 2 TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING Table of Contents I. PURPOSE... 1 II. DEFINITIONS... 1 A. TSUNAMI... 1 B. PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM... 1 C. EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE... 1 D. STATE WAVE ARRIVAL TIME (SWAT)... 1 E. EVACUATION LINE... 1 F. MAXIMUM EXPECTABLE INUNDATION... 1 G. TSUNAMI WAVE RUN-UP... 1 H. POPULATION AT RISK... 1 I. TSUNAMI EVACUATION Vertical Evacuation Horizontal Evacuation... 1 J. PUBLIC EVACUATION SHELTERS/REFUGE AREAS... 2 K. ALL CLEAR... 2 L. CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICTS... 3 III. PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER (PTWC) BULLETINS... 3 A. TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN... 3 B. URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN... 3 C. TSUNAMI WATCH BULLETIN... 3 D. EARTHQUAKE ADVISORY... 4 E. TSUNAMI WARNING/WATCH BULLETIN... 4 F. TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN... 4 G. CANCELLATION BULLETINS... 4 IV. SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS... 4 A. SITUATION... 4 B. ASSUMPTIONS... 5 V. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS... 7 A. URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING... 7 B. DISTANT EARTHQUAKE Tsunami Watch Tsunami Warning... 8 C. TSUNAMI WARNING CANCELLATION... 8 D. OTHER EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION... 8 VI. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES... 8 A. DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DEM) /12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

92 Annex T - Appendix 2 TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING Table of Contents B. CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICT VOLUNTEERS... 9 C. RADIO AMATEUR CIVIL EMERGENCY SERVICE (RACES)... 9 D. AMERICAN RED CROSS... 9 E. CIVIL AIR PATROL (CAP)... 9 F. CORPORATION COUNSEL G. HONOLULU FIRE DEPARTMENT (HFD) H. EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT (ESD/EMS) I. HUMAN RESOURCES J. DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMER SERVICES (DCS) K. JOINT INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (JIMAR) 11 L. DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND PERMITTING M. PARKS AND RECREATION N. HONOLULU POLICE DEPARTMENT (HPD) O. DEPARTMENT OF FACILITY MAINTENANCE (DFM) P. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES (DTS) Q. U.S. ARMY SUPPORT COMMAND HAWAII (USASCH) R. U.S. COAST GUARD (USCG) S. SUPPORTING STATE DEPARTMENTS T. HAWAII NATIONAL GUARD U. COORDINATING AGENCIES VII. HAZARD SPECIFIC RESPONSE PROCEDURES VIII. SHELTERING ANALYSIS IX. FUNCTIONAL GUIDELINES X. PLAN MAINTENANCE XI. REFERENCES XII. ATTACHMENTS & TABS ATTACHMENT 1: ABBREVIATIONS TAB A: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing TAB B: Tsunami Information Bulletin TAB C: Notification during Non Working Hour TAB D: Notification during Working Hours TAB E: Tsunami Evacuation Zones /12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

93 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING I. PURPOSE To describe the City and County of Honolulu s tsunami evacuation processes and to identify public shelters, refuge areas, and recommended routes to those shelters so that City response forces, residents and visitors can, when required, accomplish a coordinated and timely evacuation of risk areas. This annex supplements the basic guidance contained in the City Emergency Operations Plan. II. DEFINITIONS A. TSUNAMI A series of ocean waves caused by violent movement of the earth s crust (generally earthquakes) below or near the ocean floor. The waves generated by such disturbances travel to Hawaii s shorelines at very predictable rates, i.e., from South America 12 to 15 hours; from Mexico, Noumea, and Japan 8 hours; the U.S. West Coast, Apia, Kwajalein, Alaska, and the Aleutians 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 hours; and for a disturbance within Hawaiian waters a matter of minutes. B. PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM Operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS), the system is international in scope and participation. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) at Ewa Beach, Hawaii, is the operational center for the Tsunami Warning System and is charged with the primary responsibility for providing tsunami-alerting information to 34 Pacific Coastal and island nations and territories. Additional national and regional tsunami warning systems complement PTWC efforts and include those of France, Japan, Russia and Chile. PTWC is the regional Tsunami Warning Center for Hawaii while the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (ATWC) acts for Alaska, Canada, and the U.S. West Coast. C. EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE Expressed on an open-ended numerical scale, magnitude, as defined by C. F. Richter, is an estimate of the energy released at the epicenter of an earthquake measured by seismic pulses or waves transmitted over the earth s surface and within its interior. The higher the number on the scale, the greater the degree of damage likely to be caused. Thus, a Richter magnitude 2 earthquake is the smallest that can be easily recognized by a casual observer; a magnitude 4 might cause slight damage; a magnitude 6 generally generates moderate damage; and a magnitude 9.2 is the 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 1

94 largest earthquake recorded in the U. S., striking Prince William Sound, Alaska; the largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5 in Chile. D. STATE WAVE ARRIVAL TIME (SWAT) That local time specified in PTWC Interisland Data Network (IDN) messages that identifies the estimated impact of the first wave at the tide gauge station of the closest of the four major Hawaiian Islands (Kauai, Oahu, Maui or Hawaii) to the generating source. Wave arrival time for individual islands may vary from the SWAT; however, the SWAT will be used as the basis for all response timing. E. EVACUATION LINE The inland limit of wetting, measured horizontally from the mean sea level line. F. MAXIMUM EXPECTABLE INUNDATION The inland limit of the highest expectable tsunami from any direction, at high tide. Wetting may occur at or near the inundation limit. However, there will be no wave action at that point and no hazard to life. G. TSUNAMI WAVE RUN-UP The elevation of the ground above mean sea level that tsunami generated waves/water will reach. This elevation is usually not equal to wave height or inundation depth at the shoreline. H. POPULATION AT RISK Those individuals who reside, attend school, work in, or are otherwise present in the tsunami evacuation zones identified in shaded areas of the maps in the Civil Defense section of the Oahu telephone book. I. TSUNAMI EVACUATION The movement of populations at risk from identified tsunami evacuation zones to facilities or areas, which are considered safe. 1. Vertical Evacuation The movement of evacuees within a tsunami evacuation zone to the third floor or above in buildings of six or more stories, which are constructed of steel and/or concrete. 2. Horizontal Evacuation The movement of evacuees outside of designated evacuation zones. Movement can be accomplished by walking, driving, or in some areas, utilizing designated City buses to reach safe areas or public shelters. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 1

95 J. PUBLIC EVACUATION SHELTERS/REFUGE AREAS Specified facilities or outdoor areas in the immediate vicinity of those facilities, serviced by American Red Cross or, in the absence of Red Cross management capability, City teams. The shelters/refuge areas will be initially structured to provide evacuees safe haven from the tsunami hazard. Minimum requirements to activate a Red Cross or City shelter/refuge area include a modest management staff and access to drinking water and rest room accommodations. They do not include food, cots, blankets, medications, or other amenities. If it is possible to utilize a designated building as a shelter, as little as ten (10) square feet of space can be allocated to each evacuee. The maps in the Civil Defense section of the telephone book list the public shelters/refuge areas by island area as well as the key roadways and intersections leading to them. NOTE 1: Shelter/refuge areas identified in this plan were selected in sufficient numbers and in reasonably close proximity to the evacuating population to provide readily accessible safe haven and minimize, where possible, parking difficulties. Available shelter/refuge area space for evacuees, therefore, exceeds the estimated population at risk. NOTE 2: It is not essential that evacuees utilize public shelters/refuge areas for their survival. If evacuees deem vertical evacuation or travel to a shelter/refuge area to be impractical or perhaps impossible (due to a lack of time, heavy traffic, or other constraints), they should individually relocate to any area outside of an evacuation zone even though cover from the elements or other necessities are not available. Such a personal evacuation strategy is highly recommended. NOTE 3: Depending on both the time available to wave arrival and the time of day, it must be recognized that Red Cross or City teams may not be able to reach their assigned shelters/refuge areas in time to prepare and organize them for evacuee arrival. Evacuee use of parking or open areas in close proximity to or inland of designated shelters/refuge areas is considered a satisfactory alternative. K. ALL CLEAR That condition announced by DEM over the Emergency Broadcast System following the cancellation of a Tsunami Warning by the PTWC. The PTWC cancellation signifies that damaging waves are no longer a threat to Oahu. The DEM ALL CLEAR announcement will be made following initial surveys of tsunami evacuation zones by City public safety forces and specify those zones, which are considered reasonably safe for residents to return to. The DEM ALL CLEAR does not pertain to ports, harbors, channels, and bays around the island where strong residual currents may make entry hazardous. The State Department of Transportation s Harbors Division Chief will make ALL CLEAR determinations and announcements over 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 2

96 marine radio frequencies for those areas and provide his decisions to DEM for subsequent broadcast over the EBS. L. CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICTS A structuring of City Civil Defense volunteer organizations into six distinct areas. Evacuation responsibilities, estimates of those at risk within tsunami evacuation zones, and associated sheltering requirements are described in terms of these individual Districts. See DEM Districts Map for the locations of their Emergency Operating Centers (EOC). III. PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER (PTWC) BULLETINS PTWC Bulletins are the primary source of alerting information for the City. Each bulletin, described below, generally guides actions to be taken by City response forces. NOTE: The City/State Warning Point will promptly advise appropriate members of the DEM staff of all PTWC Bulletins. A. TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN Issued when a tsunami, which would cause damage and destruction to coastal areas in the State, has been confirmed, and evacuation is deemed essential. Additional Warning Bulletins will be issued hourly thereafter or sooner if necessary until the Warning is canceled. B. URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN Issued only over HAWAS for earthquakes of 6.8 magnitude or greater generated within or close to Hawaiian waters. Urgent evacuation of coastal areas is required. NOTE: Not all Islands may be affected by tsunamis generated within or close to the Hawaiian Islands. Therefore, the Urgent Tsunami Warning Bulletin will specify which Islands require evacuation. C. TSUNAMI WATCH BULLETIN Issued only over IDN for earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or greater (7.0 or greater for Alaska) when tsunami wave generation cannot yet be confirmed and wave travel time to Hawaii is estimated to be six hours or less. A Watch will also be issued for Hawaii for earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or greater that occur from Tokyo to Kamchatka even though wave travel time exceeds six hours. Additional bulletins will be issued hourly thereafter or sooner if necessary until the Watch is either upgraded to Warning status or the Watch is canceled. NOTE: Under Tsunami Watch conditions, if wave generation cannot be confirmed when three hours of travel time to Hawaii remain; PTWC will 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 3

97 either upgrade the Tsunami Watch to a Warning or cancel the Watch. D. EARTHQUAKE ADVISORY Issued to Civil Defense and the news media in Hawaii only via IDN. The Advisory announces the occurrence of an earthquake greater than 7.5 magnitude where wave generation is possible but not yet confirmed and estimated wave arrival time for Hawaii is greater than six hours. Upon receipt of an Earthquake Advisory, the City/State Warning Point will immediately notify appropriate members of the DEM staff. The DEM staff will promptly assume a Watch posture. E. TSUNAMI WARNING/WATCH BULLETIN Received only over HAWAS, this bulletin duplicates most of the information received from the IDN WATCH and WARNING messages outlined above. It places areas within three hours wave travel time from the epicenter of an earthquake in Warning status and those within a 3-6 hour travel time in Watch status. F. TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN Issued over HAWAS and the IDN for earthquakes generally in the 6.5 to 7.5 range (7.0 for the Aleutians) with an evaluation that no Pacific-wide Tsunami Warning is in effect. NOTE 1: If the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (ATWC) has issued a Regional Warning for areas under its purview (Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, or California), PTWC will undertake further investigations to determine if a Pacific-wide tsunami has been generated and issue additional bulletins as required to include a Tsunami Warning Bulletin. NOTE 2: In the absence of a WATCH or WARNING from PTWC, and if the ATWC has issued a Regional Warning, the City/State Warning Point will immediately notify appropriate members of the DEM staff that an ATWC Regional Warning is in effect. G. CANCELLATION BULLETINS Issued over HAWAS and the IDN when the threat of a tsunami for the entire Pacific Basin, or portions thereof alerted in earlier message traffic, is canceled. NOTE: Refer to the Standard Operating Procedures for DEM actions after PTWC issuance of a Warning Cancellation Bulletin. IV. SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS A. SITUATION The coastal areas of all of the Hawaiian Islands have historically been 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 4

98 subject to the threat of and destruction associated with tsunami. While tsunami events are not common, they have been responsible for some of the worst disasters experienced in our Islands and around the Pacific Basin. In terms of the probability of occurrence, it is not a question of whether a tsunami will affect Oahu and the neighboring counties in the future (for movement of the earth s crust is continuous and the threat of a tsunamigenic earthquake ever present), but when and how soon one will occur. It is therefore essential that the City is prepared to immediately respond to PTWC alerting information or the occurrence of an earthquake which directly affects Oahu. B. ASSUMPTIONS 1. This plan does not address response to a tsunami generated by a local, catastrophic earthquake, which would totally preclude: i. The individual responses listed in paragraphs 2.ii. and 2.iii. below. ii. Mobilization of the City s emergency service organizations. See Annex S, Appendix 3, of the City Emergency Operations Plan for procedural guidance on response to a catastrophic earthquake/tsunami scenario. 2. When a Tsunami Warning is issued: i. Civil Defense sirens will normally be sounded Statewide 3 hours, 2 hours, 1 hour, and 30 minutes prior to the estimated SWAT. All siren activations will be accompanied by detailed Civil Defense instructions over radio and television stations. If, however, PTWC issues a tsunami warning in advance of the siren activation schedule outlined above, Civil Defense authorities may use the sirens or the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) at any time to alert the public of approaching waves. Siren soundings and EBS use will be coordinated with State Civil Defense prior to activation. ii. Those individuals located within a designated tsunami evacuation zone will: a) Either leave the area by walking or driving to safe or shelter/refuge areas, or, move to the third floor or above in buildings of six or more floors, which are constructed of steel and/or concrete. Evacuees will remain in place until Civil Defense authorities announce the All Clear. b) The schools, day care centers, and care homes located in the tsunami evacuation zone will evacuate according to their plans. Supervisory personnel will remain with those under their purview until they can 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 5

99 iii. iv. be safely picked up by parents/guardians or relocated to their original or other safe facilities. NOTE: If schools and day care centers are closed when a WARNING is issued, they will remain closed. c) A listing of hotels located in tsunami evacuation zones is at Page 64. Those hotels not meeting the height or steel and concrete criteria will evacuate their guests and employees to nearby suitably constructed buildings or provide for their safety at a location outside the evacuation zones. Those individuals not located within designated tsunami evacuation zones will remain in place, curtail non-essential travel, and avoid roadways in or near the evacuation zones so as not to interfere with evacuation. a) Employers will attempt to stagger the release of those employees who absolutely must leave. b) Public and private schools and day care centers, if open, will remain open and care for those under their purview until parents/guardians can safely pick them up. NOTE: If schools and day care centers are closed when a WARNING is issued, they will remain closed. DTS s TheBus and TheHandi-Van will provide transportation, insofar as the situation and time available permits, will be provided to endangered residents/visitors in selected tsunami evacuation zones. Transit vehicles Van will transit the routes specified and pickup persons requiring transportation, and deliver them to nearest designated tsunami evacuation shelters/refuge areas. This service will terminate 45 minutes prior to the announced SWAT. v. The Honolulu Police Department and Civil Defense volunteers will establish roadblocks in sufficient time to restrict traffic into the tsunami evacuation zones to those requiring emergency entry. Roads will be sealed off 45 minutes prior to the SWAT. Anyone still in the evacuation zones will be directed by Police patrols to move immediately to safe locations. vi. Regardless of the time of day, and conditions permitting, all emergency essential personnel will automatically respond to their work units and commence assigned emergency duties at the first indication that a tsunami event may affect Oahu. Such indications include the shaking effect of a local 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 6

100 earthquake, the sounding of sirens, hearing reports of a tsunami emergency over radio and television, etc. 3. Military personnel, their dependents, civilian employees and contractors on military installations, etc., will be sheltered or remain in safe areas on Department of Defense installations. 4. When a tsunami producing event (whether local, urgent, or distant) affects Oahu, the Honolulu Police Department will, if unable to contact a member of the DEM staff or when requested by DEM, assume overall direction and control of response operations until such time as the City EOC is activated. V. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS Response to tsunamigenic earthquake events can be categorized generally and broadly explained as follows: An earthquake affecting Oahu (recognized by difficulty in standing or maintaining balance) could generate tsunami wave arrivals in five minutes or less. Official warning by siren and Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) announcement will be attempted by DEM and the City/State Warning Point, but may not be timely or effective. Therefore, immediate, spontaneous, unassisted evacuation of the evacuation zones by all residents, employees, and visitors is required. Response agencies will be notified and the EOC staff assembled as soon as possible. Warning, evacuation, and cordoning operations, under the direction of the Honolulu Police Department, and air and ground search and rescue, will be initially given priority by City public safety forces. When the All Clear is announced, all response agencies will proceed with recovery actions. See the Checklist response procedures. A. URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING Upon notification by PTWC that an Urgent Tsunami Warning for Oahu has been issued, the City/State Warning Point will sound the Civil Defense sirens and immediately announce the warning (via prescripted message) over the EBS. City public safety forces and DEM will, within the time available, attempt to warn residents and visitors in evacuation zones. However, immediate, spontaneous, unassisted evacuation of the evacuation zones by residents, employees, and visitors is required. Response agencies will be notified and the EOC staff assembled as soon as possible. Initial public safety force priorities will be as outlined in paragraph V.A. above. When the All Clear is announced, all response agencies will proceed with initial recovery actions. B. DISTANT EARTHQUAKE DEM will be alerted to a distant tsunamigenic earthquake event by PTWC issuances of Watch or Warning messages. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 7

101 1. Tsunami Watch Upon receipt, DEM will retransmit the WATCH information received to local radio and television stations for broadcast to the public using closed circuit EBS procedures. Sirens will not be sounded. All response agencies will be notified and the EOC staff assembled. Preliminary coordination and preparation for possible upgrade of the Watch to a Warning will be accomplished in accordance with the Checklists. NOTE: When notified that an Earthquake Advisory has been issued by PTWC, the DEM staff will assume a Watch posture. 2. Tsunami Warning May be issued without a WATCH having been declared. Therefore, if not already accomplished, the EOC staff will be assembled immediately and all response agencies notified. Recommendations on the disposition of schools, employees, businesses, etc., will be confirmed and pre-scripted EBS messages finalized; shelters/refuge areas will be staffed and opened. Ground and airborne warning forces will be mobilized and Mayoral approval for evacuation sought. With the sounding of sirens, warning and evacuation, under the direction of the Honolulu Police Department, as well as regularly scheduled EBS announcements will commence as outlined at Pages C. TSUNAMI WARNING CANCELLATION Issued by PTWC when the threat of damaging waves is no longer present. See Pages for a checklist outlining DEM cancellation/initial recovery procedures. D. OTHER EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION Contained in Tsunami Information Bulletins, which generally alert the City to the generation of a non-destructive tsunami. See Page 93 for DEM response procedures. VI. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Overall guidance is contained in the City Emergency Operations Plan. Specific warning, evacuation, and sheltering taskings are summarized below and outlined in the checklists at Pages A. DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DEM) 1. Excluding the initial siren sounding and EBS announcements associated with an Urgent Tsunami Warning, initiate the alerting process by activating Civil Defense sirens, making EBS and coordinating mobile public address system announcements, and 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 8

102 assembling the Emergency Operating Center (EOC) staff. 2. Direct, coordinate and oversee tsunami evacuation, sheltering, and initial recovery. B. CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICT VOLUNTEERS 1. Activate District EOC s, as directed. 2. Within capabilities, assist the Honolulu Police Department and DEM in warning, evacuation, traffic control and communications. 3. Where possible, report wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM. C. RADIO AMATEUR CIVIL EMERGENCY SERVICE (RACES) Within capabilities and as assigned, provide radio communications to the City EOC from activated evacuation shelters/refuge areas, hospitals, command and control facilities, etc. D. AMERICAN RED CROSS 1. Activate, staff, and operate all shelters/refuge areas provided by City, State, and private sector organizations in coordination with DEM and the City s Department of Parks and Recreation. Designate shelter managers/staffs for each facility/refuge area to be used. 2. Operate fixed or mobile feeding stations, emergency first aid stations, or other similar facilities, as necessary. 3. Operate emergency registration, welfare and casualty inquiry services, as the situation will permit. 4. Arrange and provide for medical and nursing care in Red Cross shelters or refuge areas. Provide counseling for evacuees as required. 5. Provide for the special needs of children, the elderly and the disabled in coordination with DEM and the City s Department of Human Resources. 6. Transmit vital information to the City EOC on shelter/refuge area operations, including the number of evacuees being serviced and their status. 7. Initiate requests for supplemental assistance as the need is anticipated to include medical, sanitation, communications, Police and Fire support. E. CIVIL AIR PATROL (CAP) 1. Respond to DEM requests for aerial warning along all of Oahu s coastlines and in selected inland areas. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 9

103 2. Where possible, report wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM. F. CORPORATION COUNSEL 1. Prepare emergency proclamations for the Mayor during the response and recovery phases of emergency operations. 2. Provide legal guidance to the EOC staff on legal matters that may arise during the course of evacuation and sheltering operations. G. HONOLULU FIRE DEPARTMENT (HFD) 1. Assist HPD in conducting warning and evacuation. (See Pages for formatted public address system announcements). 2. Provide fire protection and associated safety services to evacuation shelters/refuge areas. 3. Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records and equipment from risk to safe areas. 4. Where possible, report wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM. H. EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT (ESD/EMS) 1. Coordinate for DEM, the health, medical, and environmental aspects of shelter/refuge area planning and operations, to include mental health counseling, with all concerned City, State, and Federal Agencies. 2. Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records and equipment from risk to safe areas. I. HUMAN RESOURCES 1. Coordinate with the American Red Cross and other City departments/private sector agencies in providing for the special needs of those elderly and disabled who have no one else to care for them. 2. Staff a telephone answering service for emergency calls from elderly and disabled requiring assistance. 3. Arrange for and/or conduct elderly/disabled self-help disaster preparedness training. J. DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMER SERVICES (DCS) Assist DEM in providing the general public, the media, the hearing impaired, and the City s non-english speaking population with tsunami warning and evacuation advisories, directives, and instructions. Staff rumor control. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 10

104 K. JOINT INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (JIMAR) Position observers at various locations around Oahu to record and report, where possible, on wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM. L. DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND PERMITTING Provide support personnel, to include direct GIS support, to the EOC during emergencies. M. PARKS AND RECREATION 1. Act as the City s primary point of contact for coordinating American Red Cross sheltering functions and requirements. 2. Coordinate the use of City facilities to be used as shelters/refuge areas, and trained employees for use on Red Cross or City mass care management teams. 3. Assist the Honolulu Police Department in warning and evacuating individuals in beach and park areas under City cognizance. 4. Provide tree cutting and removal operations, as requested. 5. Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records and equipment from risk to safe areas. 6. Perform other mass care tasks as may be required by the situation or as requested by DEM. N. HONOLULU POLICE DEPARTMENT (HPD) 1. Advise appropriate members of the DEM staff of all Watch, Warning (to include Regional Warnings), Earthquake Advisory, and Information Bulletins. 2. Conduct Urgent Tsunami Warnings, tsunami evacuations, and assist DEM in other than Urgent warning activities. 3. Establish roadblocks at predesignated locations to preclude entry into Tsunami evacuation zones. Expedite traffic flows along evacuation routes between threatened population centers and shelters/refuge areas. Deny access to damaged areas. 4. Provide warning to those areas lacking siren coverage and security for evacuated areas, shelters and/or refuge areas. 5. Where possible, report wave arrivals, damage, and sea state to DEM. 6. Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records, and equipment from risk to safe areas. NOTE: If at any time the City/State Warning Point is unable to 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 11

105 contact a member of the DEM staff, or should the City EOC experience total communications failure, or when requested by DEM, the City/State Warning point will be prepared to assume all DEM responsibilities associated with the implementation of this plan until such time as the City EOC is activated and/or operational. O. DEPARTMENT OF FACILITY MAINTENANCE (DFM) 1. Assist the Honolulu Police Department by providing roadblock or other traffic and crowd control barricade materials as requested. 2. As requested by the Department of Transportation Services, deploy personnel and road maintenance equipment along evacuation routes to ensure roads are rapidly cleared of obstacles. 3. Provide engineering and sanitation services that may be required at evacuation shelters/refuge areas. 4. Relocate Departmental personnel, equipment and vital records from risk to safe areas. Designate equipment staging areas outside the tsunami evacuation zones. 5. Provide personnel to operate the City EOC Local Government Radio Net (LGRN) position. 6. Conduct damage assessment operations as outlined in Annex Q of the City Emergency Operations Plan. 7. Provide motor pool vehicles to the Department of Transportation Services for warning and evacuation operations, and to City damage assessment teams. P. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES (DTS) 1. When directed by DEM, implement the DTS Evacuation Bus Plan. 2. Coordinate all transportation requirements in support of warning and evacuation operations. 3. Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records, and equipment from risk to safe areas. Q. U.S. ARMY SUPPORT COMMAND HAWAII (USASCH) 1. Assist the Honolulu Police Department in conducting the warning and evacuation of beach areas under military purview. 2. Where possible, report wave arrivals, damage, and sea state to DEM. R. U.S. COAST GUARD (USCG) 1. Assist the Honolulu Police Department in the warning and evacuation of port and harbor areas threatened by tsunami. 2. Provide reports to DEM on wave arrivals, damage, if any, and sea 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 12

106 state in harbors and channels. S. SUPPORTING STATE DEPARTMENTS Provide assistance to the City in accordance with departmental authority, functions, resources, and capabilities (as outlined in Volume III of the State Plan for Emergency Preparedness and the Basic portion of the City Emergency Operations Plan). 1. State Civil Defense and the State Department of Education will be responsive to Red Cross and DEM requests for the use of facilities/grounds as shelters/refuge areas. 2. State Department of Transportation and the Harbors Division will assist the Honolulu Police Department in the warning and evacuation of port and harbor areas threatened by tsunami. Provide reports to DEM on wave arrivals, damage, if any, and sea state in harbors and channels. 3. Harbors Division Chief, upon cancellation of a tsunami warning, broadcast All Clear announcements over marine frequencies for all harbors, channels and bays on Oahu when they are considered to be safe from dangerous currents and eddies. Provide DEM with harbor/channel/bay All Clear information for subsequent broadcast over the EBS. T. HAWAII NATIONAL GUARD Support warning, evacuation, sheltering, and security operations as directed by the Adjutant General. U. COORDINATING AGENCIES Community, neighborhood, charitable, and church groups will provide volunteer relief programs for evacuees and victims in accordance with preplanned arrangements and mutual agreements with the American Red Cross. These groups include: 1. Salvation Army 2. Hawaii Conference of Seventh Day Adventists 3. Hawaii Baptist Convention 4. Volunteer Organizations Active in Disasters (VOAID) 5. Hawaii Council of Churches VII. HAZARD SPECIFIC RESPONSE PROCEDURES A. Local Earthquakes/Earthquakes in Hawaiian Waters All Response Supervisors should evaluate wave arrival timing (see timing chart below) before dispatching forces to the evacuation zones. Instead of entering the 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 13

107 zones, directing personnel to evacuate may be more appropriate, particularly for earthquakes in the Molokai Seismic Zone (MSZ), on the Diamond Head Fault (DHF), and in some areas of the Big Island. B. Civil Defense District Coordinators will contact their local HPD District Commanders (or DEM in the case of District 1) to coordinate the assignment of volunteers to warning/evacuation taskings. C. The HPD Communications Division Watch Commander or Supervisor will contact the Fire Alarm Bureau to coordinate the use of HFD field units in warning and evacuation tasking. D. When operational, the Water Safety Division of the Department of Parks and Recreation will notify USDOD lifeguards that evacuation of beach areas is required. E. The Civil Air Patrol will immediately notify DEM if unable to accomplish warning in rural areas or along any coastline. DEM will subsequently advise the HPD Communications Division Watch Commander or Supervisor and request additional personnel to be assigned to the uncovered area(s). F. DEM will broadcast WARNING and ALL CLEAR messages over the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) in eight different languages/dialects to assist the City s non-english speaking population in understanding and responding to tsunami events. Individual language announcements will be interspersed with other EBS material at regular intervals so that all will have been aired at least once each hour. G. All Response Agencies will withdraw all response agency personnel from evacuation zones. This will be initiated 30 minutes prior to the SWAT or initial wave arrival time, whichever occurs first. H. Tsunami Warning Cancellation: DEM will notify all tasked response agencies when a Tsunami Warning has been canceled and will be solely responsible for directing the reentry of public safety personnel into the evacuation zones. Search and rescue will be conducted in each area and an appraisal of conditions and needs forwarded to DEM as soon as possible. VIII. SHELTERING ANALYSIS As noted earlier in Section II of this plan: A. Shelter/refuge areas identified in this plan were selected in sufficient numbers and in reasonably close proximity to the evacuating population to provide readily accessible safe haven and minimize, where possible, parking difficulties. Available shelter/refuge area space for evacuees, therefore, exceeds the estimated population at risk. NOTE: It is not essential that evacuees utilize public shelters/refuge areas 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 14

108 for their survival. If evacuees deem vertical evacuation or travel to a shelter/refuge area to be impractical or perhaps impossible (due to a lack of time, heavy traffic, or other constraints), they should individually relocate to any area outside of an evacuation zone even though cover from the elements or other necessities are not available. Such a personal evacuation strategy is highly recommended. B. Depending on both the time available to wave arrival and the time of day, it must be recognized that Red Cross or City teams may not be able to reach their assigned shelters/refuge areas in time to prepare and organize them for evacuee arrival. Evacuee use of parking or open areas in close proximity to or inland of designated shelters and refuge areas is considered a suitable and satisfactory alternative. C. The tables at Pages summarize, by Civil Defense District, the estimated number of evacuees that could seek refuge in public shelters as well as the facilities to accommodate them. D. There are no shortfalls in the availability of shelters for the at-risk population assuming: 1. Military and civilian personnel on Department of Defense installations (Kaneohe MCAS, Hickam AFB, Barbers Point NAS, Iroquois Point Navy Housing, and Pearl Harbor) will be evacuated and sheltered within the confines of Federal property. 2. Individuals in those areas not requiring evacuation, i.e., Keehi Lagoon, Honolulu Harbor, Enchanted Lake, and the shoreline between Kualoa Point and Kaneohe MCAS, will not seek shelter. 3. All individuals in qualified multi-story buildings will vertically evacuate. E. Some evacuee travel turbulence can be expected whether individuals utilize shelters or the refuge areas in the vicinity of the shelters. For example: 1. Because Waialua High and Intermediate is the only shelter for evacuees from Waimea Bay to Kaena Point, it is anticipated that Kamehameha Highway, westbound from Waimea, will be extremely congested with significant delays as vehicles enter the Haleiwa/Waialua traffic complex. As a result, overflow traffic will be directed to Wahiawa and the Wahiawa Recreation Center rather than the Waialua High area. 2. Similar delays and traffic backlogs are expected from Waimea to Kahuku with only Sunset Beach Elementary and Kahuku High available as shelter/refuge areas. 3. There may be insufficient shelter space for evacuees from Makaha to Lualualei. Evacuees from those areas may have to travel to Nanakuli, or perhaps even Makakilo to find suitable refuge. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 15

109 4. To minimize northbound traffic flows on the Windward coast, it is recommended that evacuees from Punaluu, Kahana Bay, Kaaawa, and Kualoa use either the Waiahole or Kahaluu shelters/refuge areas. F. In sum, while travel turbulence can present traffic problems along many of the City s coastal roadways, sufficient shelters/refuge areas are available island wide to support the at-risk population. IX. FUNCTIONAL GUIDELINES Guidance in the functional areas of: Evacuation, Direction and Control, Roles and Responsibilities and Public Information are outlined in detail in the Basic Plan section of the City Emergency Operations Plan and Hazard Specific Standard Operating Plan. X. PLAN MAINTENANCE This plan will be reviewed annually or whenever new data is received which would require reassessment of the evacuation strategy or the sheltering of populations at risk. During the review, special attention will be given to: A. The accuracy and completeness of formatted public service announcements and Emergency Broadcast System scripts currently on file in DEM. B. Broadcast and print media instructions to residents and responders on the primary and alternate evacuation and sheltering planning elements. C. The status of current and projected tsunami education/awareness programs. Particular emphasis will be placed on the effectiveness of public and private sector information initiatives especially those involving the hotel and transportation industries, hospitals, nursing and adult residential care homes, schools and day care centers. XI. REFERENCES 1. City and County of Honolulu Emergency Operations Plan 2. Communications Plan for the Tsunami Warning System, Eleventh Edition, Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, December 1987, updated January 15, Tsunami Bus Evacuation Plan, Department of Transportation Services, City and County of Honolulu, August XII. ATTACHMENTS & TABS TAB A: Abbreviations 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 16

110 TAB B: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing TAB C: Tsunami Information Bulletin TAB D: Notification during Non-Working Hours TAB E: Notification during Working Hours TAB F: Tsunami Evacuation Zones 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 17

111 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 ATTACHMENT 1: ABBREVIATIONS ATTACHMENT 1: ABBREVIATIONS AG ARC ARES ARM ARRL ATF BBH BFS BWS BYU CAP CBCP CBRNE CCL CD CDC CEM CERT CLK COE COG COM COOP COR CPM CSD Attorney General American Red Cross Amateur Radio Emergency Services Aerial Radiological Monitor Amateur Radio Relay League Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Blood Bank of Hawaii Department of Budge and Fiscal Services Board of Water Supply Brigham Young University - Hawaii Civil Air Patrol Certified Business Continuity Planner Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive City Council Civil Defense Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Certified Emergency Manager Community Emergency Response Team City Clerks Office Corps of Engineers Continuity of Government Communications Officer, DEM Continuity of Operations Department of Corporation Council Counts Per Minute Customer Services Department 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 ATTACHMENT 1 PAGE 18

112 Attachment 1: Abbreviations (continued) CSDP Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program CWP County Warning Point D 1-6 Civil Defense Volunteer District DAC Disaster Application Center DAP Disaster Assistance Program DBEDT Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (HI) DCS Department of Community Services DDC Department of Design and Construction DECON Decontamination DEM Department of Emergency Management DES Department of Enterprise Services DFM Department of Facility Maintenance DFO Disaster Field Office DHR Department of Human Resources DHS Department of Homeland Security DIT Department of Information Technology DMAT Disaster Medical Assistance Team DMORT Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team DOD U.S. Department of Defense DOE Department of Education (State) DOE U.S. Department of Energy (U.S.) DOH Department of Health (State) DOJ Department of Justice DOT Department of Transportation (State) DPP Department of Planning and Permitting DPR Department of Parks and Recreation DRC Disaster Recovery Center DTS Department of Transportation Services E 911 Enhanced E&T Education and Training Officer, DEM EAS Emergency Alert System EBS Emergency Broadcast System (Replaced with EAS Live Broadcast) ECL Emergency Classification Level 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 ATTACHMENT 1 PAGE 19

113 Attachment 1: Abbreviations (continued) EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMI Emergency Management Institute (Maryland) EMP Electo-Magnetic Pulse EMS Emergency Medical Service EMT Emergency Medical Technician ENV Environmental Services Department EOC Emergency Operations Center EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal EOP Emergency Operations Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) ESD Emergency Services Department Eteam Emergency Management Software (City Contracted) FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAC Food and Agriculture Committee FAX Facsimile Machine FCC Federal Communications Commission FCO Federal Coordinating Officer FDA Food and Drug Administration FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS) FFTF Fast Flux Test Facility FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FEMA) FMB Fasi Municipal Building FRC Federal Response Center (HAZMAT) FRMAC Federal Radiological Monitoring & Assessment Center FRPCC Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee GASCO Gas Company GCA General Contractors Association GIS Geographic Information Systems GMT Greenwich Mean Time (also referred to as ZULU or UTC) GPS Global Positioning System GSA General Services Administration (U.S.) HAH Healthcare Association of Hawaii HAWAS Hawaii Warning System 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 ATTACHMENT 1 PAGE 20

114 Attachment 1: Abbreviations (continued) HAZ Hazardous Material Officer, DEM HAZMAT Hazardous Materials HECO Hawaiian Electric Company HELOS Helicopters HFD Honolulu Fire Department HFIA Hawaii Food Industry Association HHVISA Hawaii Hotel Visitors Industry Security Association HMTUSA Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act HNG Hawaii National Guard HPD Honolulu Police Department HSAS Homeland Security Advisory System HSEEP Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program HSPD Homeland Security Presidential Directive HVA Hazard Vulnerability Analysis IAEM International Association of Emergency Managers IC Incident Commander ICS Incident Command System IED Improvised Explosive Device IEMS Integrated Emergency Management System JFO Joint Field Office JIC Joint Information Center JIS Joint Information System JOC Joint Operations Center JTF-HD Joint Task Force - Homeland Defense JTTF Joint Terrorism Task Force LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee LERN Law Enforcement Radio Net MAY Mayor's Office / Mayor MCEER Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research MED Medical Examiner Department MOA Memorandum of Agreement MOCA Mayor's Office of Culture and the Arts MOU Memorandum of Understanding 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 ATTACHMENT 1 PAGE 21

115 Attachment 1: Abbreviations (continued) MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NAWAS National Warning System NCO Neighborhood Commission Office NEHRP National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program NEMA National Emergency Management Association NENA National Emergency Number Association (911) NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NHRAIC Natural Hazard Research and Applications Information Center NIMS National Incident Management System NIRT Nuclear Incident Response Team NOAA National Oceanic Administrative Agency NPSPAC National Public Safety Planning Advisory Committee NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRP National Response Plan NTSB National Transportation Safety Board NWS National Weather Service OIC Office In Charge OPS Operations Unit OTS Oahu Transit Services P&O Plans and Operations Officer, DEM PAT Department of Prosecuting PDA Preliminary Damage Assessment PIO Public Information Officer, DEM PPE Personal Protective Equipment RACES Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services RAD Radiological Defense Officer, DEM RADEF Radiological Defense REAC/TS Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site RHB Royal Hawaiian Band SAR Search and Rescue SARA Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act SBA Small Business Administration SCD State Civil Defense Division 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 ATTACHMENT 1 PAGE 22

116 Attachment 1: Abbreviations (continued) SCO State Coordinating Officer SERT State Emergency Response Team SITREPs Situation Reports SLEC State Law Enforcement Coalition SLG 101 State and Local Government EOP Guidelines SNS Strategic National Stockpile SOG Standard Operating Guidelines SOP Standard Operating Procedures SSC Seismic Safety Commission SWP State Warning Point UC Unified Command USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USAR Urban Search and Rescue USCG United States Coast Guard (DHS) USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey UTC Utilities & Transportation Commission UTC Coordinated Universal Time (also referred to as ZULU or GMT) VA Veteran s Administration VOADs Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters WMD Weapons of Mass Destruction 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 ATTACHMENT 1 PAGE 23

117 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TAB A: PROCEDURES & FORMS FOR DETERMINING EVACUATION TIMING TAB A: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing A. Begin surveillance of any Tsunami reported by the NWSFO in accordance with the Tracking and Plotting Standard Operating Procedure and the guidelines established in applicable checklists. B. When the radius of 34 knots (40 MPH) sustained winds preceding the center of a Tsunami crosses a point 900 nautical (1000 statute) miles from the City or Tsunami weather phenomena are forecast to affect the City within 72 hours, appropriate portions of the DEM Form 100 will be filled in and utilized for notification and coordination. The form will be updated whenever new data is made available to the DEM by the NWS/CPHC or from reports by field forces. C. The following will be accomplished whenever a hurricane or tropical storm Watch or Warning is issued by the NWSFO; when the radius of 34 knots (40 MPH) sustained winds cross the 600 nautical mile (700 statute) mile point; or when Tsunami effects are forecast to affect the City within 48 hours: 1. After completing the general information portions of Form 100, enter the most current estimated date/time of arrival of first effects in Block 1 of Form For hurricanes or tropical storms with sustained winds exceeding 55 MPH, enter in Block 2 the appropriate clearance time for anticipated conditions. Subtract from the current Estimated Date/Time of Arrival (EDTA) and enter in Block 3 the baseline date/time for issuing an evacuation order/advisory. NOTE 1: The clearance times, are believed to be more than sufficient for all island locations because they represent the movement of evacuees from the most populous area of Oahu and exceed the clearance times computed for various districts in previous planning efforts. NOTE 2: Clearance times for precautionary evacuations associated with tropical depressions or tropical storms with sustained winds of 55 MPH or less will be determined as the situation dictates. 3. Adjustments to the baseline date/time may now be made, if required, to accomplish a daylight hours evacuation. Enter the number of hours needed to cause a daytime evacuation in Block 4. Subtract from the baseline date/time to determine the earlier final evacuation advisory/order time and enter in Block 5. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TAB A PAGE 24

118 TAB A: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing (continued) 4. Insert in the remaining blocks the recommended decision times or applicable estimates for the additional activities as indicated. 5. All data on the DEM Form 101 will be updated as new information is received from the NWS/CPHC or from field forces. D. The final evacuation advisory/order and the recommended nonemergency-essential employee excusal times will be approved by the Mayor, Managing Director, or Chief Budget Officer, as appropriate and the Declaration of Emergency signed, if required. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TAB A PAGE 25

119 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TAB B: TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES TAB B: Tsunami Information Bulletin BY: TIME: Date: 1. Receive/analyze PTWC/ATWC Bulletin (s) BY: TIME: 2. Plot location of epicenter, Calculate State Wave Arrival Time (SWAT) W (UTC less 10 = W) BY: TIME: A. IF PACIFIC-WIDE TSUNAMI WAS NOT GENERATED AND NO WATCH OR WARNING IS ISSUED FOR THE PACIFIC REGION: o Notify Mayor-MD, OIC, Staff and other City Departments as necessary BY: TIME: o Contact/discuss situation with Tsunami Advisor (SSO TSU), as required BY: TIME: o Respond to queries by news media/general public and if appropriate issue news release BY: TIME: o Monitor situation for possible additional/stronger aftershocks BY: TIME: o Update DEM answering machines as necessary BY: TIME: B. PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE PTWC WATCH/WARNING o Review Watch and/or Warning checklist at page. BY: TIME: o Consider notification of Mayor/MD/Key EOC staff on checklist BY: TIME: o Monitor situation until advised by PTWC that no tsunami threat exists for Oahu/State BY: TIME: o Update DEM answering machines, as necessary BY: TIME: 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TAB B PAGE 26

120 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING INTENTIONAL BLANK PAGE 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 27

121 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TAB C: NOTIFICATION DURING NON-WORKING HOURS TAB C: Notification during Non Working Hour The Director/first DEM staff member notified will initiate recall/activation of the remaining DEM staff and key City EOC staff and report to DEM as soon as possible. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has issued a Tsunami Watch / Warning 1. Time and conditions permitting, the Administrator/designated DEM staff member will contact the Mayor/Managing Director and discuss: EOC activation / staff recall State / Oahu Wave Arrival Times: SWAT OWAT Civil defense siren schedule/ebs/eas activation 1st siren (State wide) at Instructions to City Non-Disaster response workers o Do not report to work, report to work at, leave work immediately, leave work at Recommendations concerning State, Federal and private sector employees o Do not report to work, report to work at, leave work immediately, leave work at Recommendations to DOE/HAIS on public/private school operations o Schools remain closed, will close at, will remain open until Request to public to curtail non-emergency travel and to avoid evacuation routes Evacuation of coastal tsunami threat areas commencing at 2. Once the above actions are accomplished, use the appropriate portions of the: NOTIFICATION DURING WORKING HOURS CHECKLIST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / PROCEDURES GO TO: TSUNAMI STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TSUNAMI WATCH CHECKLIST NOTES: If the Tsunami Watch is canceled advise all agencies/individuals previously notified. Refer to the Tsunami Watch/Warning Cancellation checklist. Coordinate possible upgrade with State Civil Defense and the other County Civil Defense Agencies as necessary. If the Tsunami Watch is upgraded to a Tsunami Warning, immediately go to the Tsunami Warning Standard Operating Procedures. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TAB C PAGE 28

122 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TAB D: NOTIFICATION DURING WORKING HOURS TAB D: Notification during Working Hours Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has issued a Tsunami Watch / Warning BY: TIME: Date: 1. Acknowledge receipt of PTWC Bulletin 2. Review/analyze bulletin 3. Plot location of epicenter, Calculate: State Wave Arrival Time (SWAT) Oahu Wave Arrival Time (OWAT) 4. Activate City/District/Hotel EOCs: City Hotel D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 5. Request District EOCs report activation and number of volunteers available for assignment:: D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 6. Test all City EOC / District EOC Communications Vehicles Backup Generators 7. Activate EOC Communications Plan Provide initial SITREP to District Coordinators Make Emergency Radio Transmissions only announcements on LGRN Notify SWP/SCD of City EOC activation (HAWAS) Notify HMB security/parking lot operations of EOC activation Request EOC security from HPD Dispatch IMA/RACES to Hotel EOC W Provide Watch information to hearing impaired (TDD) 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TAB D PAGE 30

123 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING INTENTIONAL BLANK PAGE 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 PAGE 29

124 TAB D: Notification during Working Hours Request Immigrant Center to provide Tsunami Watch advisories to non-english speaking population Coordinate siren sounding with Military 7. Contact CAP Alert / brief / request CAP warning mission(s): (Provide SWAT W OWAT W) Request aircraft & crew availability and earliest possible launch time(s) # Aircraft(s) # Crews Launch W Determine availability of CAP ERV for PASA Coordinate area(s) to be warned 8. Initiate City EOC staff recall/notification: (continued) FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / PROCEDURES GO TO: TSUNAMI STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TSUNAMI WATCH CHECKLIST NOTES: If the Tsunami Watch is canceled advise all agencies/individuals previously notified. Refer to the Tsunami Watch/Warning Cancellation checklist. Coordinate possible upgrade with State Civil Defense and the other County Civil Defense Agencies as necessary. If the Tsunami Watch is upgraded to a Tsunami Warning, immediately go to the Tsunami Warning Standard Operating Procedures. 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TAB D PAGE 31

125 ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2 TAB E: TSUNAMI EVACUATION ZONES TAB E: Tsunami Evacuation Zones 01/12/07 CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU ANNEX T APPENDIX 2 TAB E PAGE 32

126 REMAINING OAHU TSUNAMI EVACUATION MAPS DELETED FOR COMPLETE DOCUMENT, PLEASE CONTACT ITIC

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129 Tsunami Local Guidance Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response SECOND EDITION A Supplement to the Emergency Planning Guidance for Local Governments Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor State of California Henry R. Renteria Director Governor s Office of Emergency Services OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response 1