Fires An Operational Perspective

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1 Fires An Operational Perspective COL Bob Cunningham 24 April 2007 "Our Army at War -- Relevant and Ready" 5/7/2007 1

2 CHALLENGE Synchronization Of Effects Time and Space Ground Maneuver Is Event Driven Multiple Echelons Flexibility Is Key Multiple Decisions Persistance Minimize Collateral Damage Responsiveness Is Essential 5/7/2007 2

3 Ground Commander s Requirement for Fires Shaping Fires Isolate the close fight Shape the next fight Protect the force Prepares battlespace for decisivie operations Counter Strike Focus is preemptive attack before he fires Target enemy s total strike system Ground Commander s Requirement for Fires Close Supporting Fires Attack enemy troops, weapons & positions Fix the enemy & ensure freedom of maneuver Synchronized Counter Insurgency (COIN) Precision fires in urban and complex terrain Limit collateral damage Persistance 5/7/2007 3

4 Emerging Battlespace Perspective FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY AIR GROUND x x x Corps Conventional x x I I I x x x Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) Massed Forces More Deconflicted than Integrated Attrition Warfare Military to Military Symmetrical From Battlefield to Battlespace x Information Diplomatic An ADDITIVE Conflict Environment UNMANNED SENSORS & STRIKE Information Environment Massed Electrons Smaller Formations Lethal & Non-Lethal Fires, Forces.. All Elements of National Power Rapid & Asymmetric Action Simultaneous Operations Smaller Operations Effects Based Operations Flexible, Dynamic Command & Control Relationships Operational and Strategic Seams... 5/7/ Non-Lethal PRECISION STRIKE INTEGRATED SOF-CONVENTIONAL IO/PSYOP SOF SOF Collaborative Information Environment Light Systems Analysis Allies SPACE WMD CYBER-SPACE SOF Threat UNMANNED SYSTEMS ASYMMETRIC Threat Heavy Homeland HUMINT SOF PRECISION STRIKE INTEGRATED AIR-GROUND Virtual Information Environment Military Economic Non-Lethal SYMMETRIC Threat

5 Linked From Access to Joint systems Connected to sensor outputs Less Agile / Heavy Support to Maneuver Lethal (through mass) Area effects with limited precision Large logistics burden Ability to mass fires /7, all weather Army Indirect Fires The Way Ahead Transforming Fires 5/7/ To - Networked battle command - Interdependent with Joint systems - Dynamic Sensor to Shooter linkages - Strategic and tactical mobility - Fully Integrated with maneuver - Lethal (through precision and volume) - Precise effects with area options Reduced logistics requirement - Ability to mass effects; lethal and non-lethal - 24/7, all weather & all terrain to achieve Destructive, Suppressive, Protective and Special Purpose Effects

6 ACCURATE and TIMELY EFFECTS Accuracy Responsiveness Timeliness Target Location Error (TLE) + Robust Network + Circle Error Probable (CEP) + Processing Procedures + Clearance Responsiveness Is Essential 5/7/2007 6

7 Joint Fires Application Issues 60 Circular Error Probable (CEP) Radius of circle within which half of the projectiles are expected to fall CEP depends on type of weapon/munition e.g. -Artillery/mortar (wind, range, weather) -Laser guided (bad designation, laser sensor errors/limitations/graze angle ) -GPS guided (GPS errors, target movement, guidance and control errors) Burst Radius Target location CEP50 Target location by sensor Weapon Effect Burst Radius The area within which a weapon achieves a certain level of lethality (Probability of Kill) against the intended target. Target Location Error (TLE) Difference between the actual and the expected location. -TLE is 3-dimensional and affected by range to target, self-locating ability of the sensor, GPS accuracy, environmental conditions, etc 5/7/2007 7

8 Joint Fires Application Issues 60 Circular Error Probable (CEP) Radius of circle within which half of the projectiles are expected to fall CEP depends on type of weapon/munition e.g. -Artillery/mortar (wind, range, weather) -Laser guided (bad designation, laser sensor errors/limitations/graze angle ) -GPS guided (GPS errors, target movement, guidance and control errors) Burst Radius Target location CEP50 Target location by sensor Weapon Effect Burst Radius The area within which a weapon achieves a certain level of lethality (Probability of Kill) against the intended target. Target Location Error (TLE) Difference between the actual and the expected location. -TLE is 3-dimensional and affected by range to target, self-locating ability of the sensor, GPS accuracy, environmental conditions, etc 5/7/2007 8

9 Linked From Access to Joint systems Connected to sensor outputs Less Agile / Heavy Support to Maneuver Lethal (through mass) Area effects with limited precision Large logistics burden Ability to mass fires /7, all weather Army Indirect Fires The Way Ahead Transforming Fires 5/7/ To - Networked battle command - Interdependent with Joint systems - Dynamic Sensor to Shooter linkages - Strategic and tactical mobility - Fully Integrated with maneuver - Lethal (through precision and volume) - Precise effects with area options Reduced logistics requirement - Ability to mass effects; lethal and non-lethal - 24/7, all weather & all terrain to achieve Destructive, Suppressive, Protective and Special Purpose Effects

10 5/7/

11 Munitions Terminology Precision Munitions Capable of self locating and maneuvering to a specific location with an accuracy sufficient to yield a high probability of destruction within its inherent capabilities. Smart Munitions Self-contained capability to search, detect, acquire, and engage individual targets by detecting the general target characteristics in order to provide terminal guidance for the munition or submunitions. Discriminating Munitions Self-contained capability to search, detect, acquire, and engage individual targets by distinguishing specific characteristics of the target to selectively identify and engage only the desired target types. 5/7/

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