Section 7-1: The Revolution Begins

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1 Name: Date: Section 7-1: The Revolution Begins Chapter 7 Study Guide 1. The was a meeting of delegates from various colonies in September of 1774 to discuss the ongoing crisis with Britain. 2. The were members of the Massachusetts militia that were considered ready to fight at a moment s notice. 3. General was the British military governor of Massachusetts, and ordered the seizure of the militia s weapons, ammunition, and supplies at Concord. 4. The towns of saw the first fighting of the American Revolution. 5. The was the nickname given to the first shot of the American Revolution. 6. Americans (and others) referred to British soldiers as because of their brightly colored uniforms. 7. At the, colonial delegates voted to send the Olive Branch Petition to King George III and created an army led by George Washington. 8. The Continental Congress created the to defend the colonies against British aggression. 9. took command of this army at the request of the Continental Congress. 10. The Continental Congress chose to send the to King George III and Parliament, reiterating their desire for a peaceful resolution to the crisis. 11. is a military term that means to surround a city or fortress with the goal of forcing the inhabitants to surrender due to a lack of supplies. 12. Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allan captured in New York, allowing George Washington to obtain much needed supplies and weapons. 14. What was the purpose of the First Continental Congress? What was its end result?

2 15. Describe the events surrounding Lexington and Concord. Why did the British march there? Who warned the colonists of the British approach and how? How did the colonists respond and why? (d) What was the end result of this skirmish/battle? (d) 16. What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress? What decisions were made there? What was its end result? 17. What was the Olive Branch Petition? Why was it named this? Was it accepted or rejected by King George III? 18. Why was the capture of Fort Ticonderoga important? What important supplies did the British have stored there and how were they used later on? 19. What advantages and disadvantages did the colonists have at the Battle of Bunker Hill? Who won this battle? (d) Which side suffered more casualties? (e) Finally, what did this battle show about the Americans ability to fight the British? (d) (e)

3 Section 7-2: Declaring Independence 20. was a widely published pamphlet that showed Americans why it made sense for the United States to declare its independence. 21. Englishman was the author of the above pamphlet. 22. The is a document that enumerates (lists) basic natural rights, the colonies grievances (complaints) against King George III, and declared the United States to be an independent country from Great Britain. 23. is considered the primary, but not the only, author of the above document. 24. are rights that people are naturally born with and cannot be taken away. 25. are people who defend their country and believe strongly that people possess basic, natural rights such as life, liberty, and happiness. 26. were those people who still gave allegiance to Great Britain, even after the start of the American Revolution. 27. was the wife of Founding Father John Adams. 28. What were the main points of the pamphlet Common Sense? What audience was it intended for? How was it written to accomplish this goal? 29. Name the members of the committee charged with writing the Declaration of Independence. What were the three main purposes of the Declaration? When was the Declaration approved? 30. What are unalienable rights (give examples with your explanation)? What philosophical movement inspired the idea of such rights?

4 31. What are some of the grievances (complaints) against King George III listed in the Declaration of Independence? 32. What two primary groups of people were largely ignored by the Declaration of Independence? How did the Declaration cause people to question the institution of slavery? Section 7-3: Dark Hours for the Revolution 33. are professional soldiers who fight for pay rather than for any particular country. 34. The royal governor of Virginia issued, which offered freedom to any slave that fought on Great Britain s behalf in the American Revolution. 35. was a Native American chief that supported and fought with the British in the American Revolution. 36. Now considered a mythical rather than actual person, supposedly brought water to thirsty soldiers on the battlefield and took over her husband s role as an artilleryman in the American Revolution after he was wounded. 37. was a British general that defeated George Washington in several battles in and around New York City. 38. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the British Army in America. Then describe the strengths and (d) weaknesses of the Continental (American) Army. (d) 39. What was the American attitude towards African-Americans serving in the Continental Army? What approach did the British take towards African-Americans? 40. Describe the role of Native Americans and women in the Revolutionary war.

5 41. What were some major setbacks for the Americans in the early part of the war? Discuss the American invasion of Canada and the events in Philadelphia and New York. What was the overall state of affairs during the early years of the Revolution? Section 7-4: Patriots Gain New Hope 42. George Washington won a small but important victory over British and Prussian forces at the on December 26, Soon after the above victory, Washington won another battle against British forces at the in New Jersey. 44. At the, Washington lost almost twice as many men as the British and was nearly captured. 45. The Americans won their first major victory of the Revolution at the, where over 7,000 British soldiers surrendered, and showed America s allies they were capable of inflicting defeats upon the British. 46. was the commanding British general at the above battle. 47. was the Spanish governor of Louisiana, who gave access to the port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River to the United States. 48. was a Polish military officer who brought his engineering skills to the Continental Army. 49. The was a French nobleman who fought on behalf of the United States, donated large amounts of money to the American cause, and became one of George Washington s most trusted advisors. 50. Washington chose to rest his army at, Pennsylvania during the winter of Baron was a Prussian (German) military officer who helped train the Continental Army and turn it into a professional fighting force. 52. was a famous American naval captain who won a series of impressive victories over British vessels during the American Revolution. 53. The above captain commanded a vessel known as the, which defeated the British ship HMS Serapis in 1779.

6 54. Describe the American victories at the Battles of Trenton and Princeton. What strategies did Washington use to win these battles? Who else, besides the British, were the Americans fighting in these battles? 55. Describe the Battle of Saratoga. What was the outcome of this battle? Why was it important in terms of gaining allies and support for the American cause? 56. How did Friedrich von Steuben help the Continental Army at Valley Forge? What is his legacy or contribution to the US military today? 57. What was the state of the American Navy at the beginning of the war? What was the American naval strategy? Was this strategy effective, and if so, explain how? Section 7-5: Independence 58. was an American leader in the West and frontier who had success against the British. 59. was an American general who was defeated at the Battle of Camden in South Carolina, the worst American defeat of the entire Revolution. 60. is a type of warfare characterized by ambushes, hit-and-run tactics, using terrain and geography to one s advantage, etc. 61. was an American leader in the South and was popularly known by his nickname, The Swamp Fox. 62. was a British general who commanded the British Army in the South.

7 63. was the commander of British troops at Yorktown, where he surrendered to George Washington. 64. The was the commanding general of French forces fighting against the British in the American Revolution. 65. The was the final battle of the American Revolution in which the British were defeated by combined American and French forces on land and at sea. 66. The American Revolution came to an end with the signing of the in Were the Americans successful in large battles against the British in the South? What fighting tactic was effective against the British, and which American leader was an expert in this type of warfare? 68. Describe how the Americans were able to decisively defeat the British at Yorktown. 69. What were the main terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?

Jonathon Regan: https://mail.nvnet.org/~regan/

Jonathon Regan: https://mail.nvnet.org/~regan/ Jonathon Regan: Regan@nvnet.org https://mail.nvnet.org/~regan/ Essential Questions: 1. According to Declaration of Independence why did the colonies have the right to rebel? 2. What irony exists in the