NATIONAL REPORT OF FINLAND FOR 2013

Transcription

1 Annual Report According to the Article 8 (2) of Council Common Position 2008/1944/CFSP defining Common Rules governing Control of Exports of Military Technology and Equipment NATIONAL REPORT OF FINLAND FOR REPORTING PERIOD AND SCOPE Reporting period is the year 2013, This report covers commercial exports by the Finnish defence industry authorised under the Act on the Export of Defence Materiel. 2. LEGAL BASIS AND NATIONAL LICENSING GUIDELINES The basic principles, policies and national practices on export, transit and arms brokering of conventional arms and related technology are outlined in the relevant Finnish legislation: the Act on the Export of Defence Materiel. The export of defence materiel and its transit is allowed only if authorisation (an export licence) has been granted. Provisions on controlling arms brokering are incorporated into the Act on the Export of Defence Materiel. The guiding principle is simple; the same controls apply to brokering as apply to export and transit of defence materiel. Authorisation for export, transit or arms brokering will not be granted if it jeopardises Finland s security or is in contradiction with Finland s foreign policy. All applications are examined on a case-by-case basis based on an overall assessment. The following factors shall be taken into account in the overall assessment of licence applications: - foreign and security policy aspects, including the relevant UN, OSCE, EU and other international obligations be they decisions on arms embargoes, multilateral restraints, criteria, principles or guidelines of multilateral export control regimes - an analysis of the situation prevailing in the recipient country, especially with regard to human rights, including attitudes of other States vis-à-vis the recipient country - the characteristics, intended use and military significance of the item to be exported - the significance of the item and export in relation to the materiel preparedness of Finnish national defence and to the development of domestic defence industry. 1

2 The EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports is incorporated into the Finnish legislation. In ambiguous cases, a restrictive approach is preferred. If the export of the item in question, by virtue of its characteristics and significance, will not lead to, or in all likelihood will not to be used in violations of human rights, offensive armed action or other comparable unacceptable purposes inside or outside the recipient country, the granting of a licence may be recommended if the overall assessment on all other accounts is favourable and if the formal licensing requirements have been met. There are specific rules for the export licensing of components and sub-systems of any defence equipment. Legislation on arms brokering came into force in Finland on December 1st, Provisions on controlling arms brokering were incorporated into the Act on the Export and Transit of Defence Materiel. Finnish legislation is in full compliance with the Common Position on arms brokering adopted by Council of the European Union in June The provisions on arms brokering also implement the provisions of the UN Firearms Protocol and the OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons as well as the norms set out in the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) maintains a database of all licences granted. The licences are public documents in Finland and available for reading or photocopying at the MoD registry. The MoD publishes detailed statistics of all licences granted on an annual basis. The relevant Finnish legislation is as follows: Act on the Export of Defence Materiel (282/2012) - a concise framework law stipulating the authorisation and procedure as well as sanctions in case of violations - implements the EU Common List of Military Equipment - establishes the following responsibilities for various authorities: 1. Ministry of Defence (MoD): licensing authority 2. Council of State (Council of Ministers): grants licences for all major exports 3. Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA): advises on foreign and security policy considerations 4. Customs: enforcement 2

3 3. EXPORT LICENCES OF DEFENCE MATERIEL IN 2013¹ Country of destination ML Category 2 Number of Total amount Unit Total value of licences licences (kg/m/pcs) granted by destination (EUR) Australia ML1a 1 20 pcs ML1d pcs ML7f 2 11 pcs ,96 Austria pcs ,00 Bahrain ML7f pcs ,77 Bangladesh ML11a 1 51 pcs ,00 Belgium ML1d 2 93 pcs pcs ML kg ML15d 1 62 pcs ,20 Brazil ML7f 1 54 pcs 4 164,00 Brunei ML9 1 1 pcs ,00 Canada ML1a pcs ML1d 2 58 pcs pcs ,00 Chile pcs ML4a pcs ML7f pcs ,08 China ML6a 1 3 pcs pcs ,00 Colombia ML11ag 1 20 pcs ,00 Croatia ML7f 2 51 pcs ,00 Czech Republic ML1a 1 30 pcs pcs ML13c 1 50 pcs pcs ,00 Denmark ML1a pcs ML1d 2 20 pcs pcs ML13c 1 5 pcs pcs ,00 Estonia ML1a 3 3 pcs pcs pcs ,00 France ML1d pcs pcs ML kg 3

4 ML13c pcs pcs ,00 Georgia pcs ,00 Germany pcs ML5b 1 1 pcs pcs ML15d 1 2 pcs ML21b 1 1 pcs ,60 Greece pcs ,00 Hungary pcs ML13c pcs pcs ,00 Iceland pcs ,00 India ML7f 1 59 pcs ML21b3 1 1 pcs ,59 Ireland ML1a 1 94 pcs pcs ,00 Italy ML1d 1 1 pcs pcs ML13a pcs pcs ML pcs ,00 Kazakhstan ML1a 3 50 pcs pcs ML13c pcs pcs ,00 Latvia pcs ,00 Lithuania pcs 4 212,00 Luxembourg pcs ,00 Malaysia ML pcs pcs ML7f pcs ML kg ,92 Netherlands ML1d pcs pcs ML pcs ,00 New Zealand ML1a 2 11 pcs ML1d 1 2 pcs ,00 Norway ML1a 1 5 pcs ML pcs pcs ML pcs 4

5 ML4a pcs ML9a 1 2 pcs ,00 Oman ML7 1 8 pcs ML11a 1 31 pcs ,00 Panama pcs ,00 Poland ML1a pcs pcs ,00 Portugal pcs ,00 Qatar ML pcs ,00 Romania pcs ,00 Russia ML1a pcs pcs ML kg ,27 Saudi Arabia ML7f pcs ,00 Singapore ML7f pcs ,00 Slovakia ML1a 1 11 pcs pcs ,00 Slovenia ML1a 1 1 pcs pcs ,00 South Africa ML1a pcs pcs ML22a 1 4 pcs ,00 South Korea pcs ML pcs ML13a kg ,10 Spain ML1d 1 1 pcs pcs ML13c pcs pcs ,00 Sweden ML1a 3 72 pcs ML pcs pcs ML6a pcs ML kg ML9 1 1 pcs ML9a 1 4 pcs ML13c 1 20 pcs pcs ML15b 2 24 pcs ,50 Switzerland ML1a 1 5 pcs pcs ,00 Taiwan ML7f 2 81 pcs 613,60 5

6 Thailand pcs ML pcs ,00 Turkey ML7e pcs ML13a kg pcs ,00 Ukraine ML7f 1 7 pcs 625,00 United Arab Emirates ML1a 1 6 pcs pcs pcs ,00 United Kingdom pcs ML7f pcs ML9a 1 1 pcs ML pcs ,49 United States ML1a pcs ML1d 1 2 pcs pcs ML4a pcs ML6 1 1 pcs ML7f pcs ML13a pcs ,85 Vietnam ML7f pcs ,70 TOTAL ,63 1. N.B. Figures given under this item only include export licences granted in 2012 for commercial exports by the Finnish defence industry. Figures above do not include uncomme rcial exports for the Finnish Defence Forces' purposes, temporary export licences, transit licences nor responses to prior enquiries. 2. See p.24 for brief descriptions of EU Common Military List categories. 3. This number includes two (2) general licences which each concern several countries of destination. Due to the statistical representation of showing licences by country of destination, this number (215 pcs) is higher than the actual number of licences granted. 6

7 4. ACTUAL EXPORTS OF DEFENCE MATERIEL 2013 Country of destination ML category Definition on material Value/category by destination (EUR) Total value of arms exports by destination by destination (EUR) Share of total exports (%) Afganistan* Australia ML1d Silencers and accessories , ,00 0,06 % , ,20 ML7f Protective and equipment 1 315,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 4 320, ,20 0,34 % Austria 9 186, ,20 0,00 % Bahrain ML7f Protective and equipment , ,53 0,00 % Bangladesh ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,00 0,34 % ML1d Silencers and accessories Belgium ML8 "Energetic materials", and related substances , , , ,00 0,23 % Brunei ML9 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially , ,00 1,96 %

8 . Canada ML1d Silencers and accessories ML2a ML6a ,00 Mortars and accessories components therefore ,21 Military vehicles 2 057, , ,21 4,44 % Central Africa* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 5 400, , ,00 0,01 % ML4a Bombs, torpedoes, Chile rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges ,81 ML7f Protective and equipment , ,32 0,74 % Colombia ML15b Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor , ,00 0,11 % Croatia ML6a Military vehicles ML7f Czech Republic ,76 Protective and equipment , ,76 0,05 % ,75 Denmark ML1d Silencers and accessories 1 858, ,75 0,05 % ,00 8

9 57 987,00 Estonia ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML11 370, ,00 0,03 % 8 688,00 747,50 Electronic equipment, not components therefor ,00 France ML1d Silencers and accessories , ,50 0,15 % ML4a ML8 ML10c2 ML11 ML13c 1 806,00 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges 4 423,50 "Energetic materials", and related substances. Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor , ,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor ,00 Helmets and specially therefor ,00 Georgia 7 842, ,74 1,93 % , ,00 0,28 % 9

10 Germany ML1d Silencers and accessories ML5b ML10c , ,80 Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor ,00 Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor ,00 ML21 ML21b 3 624,00 "Software" specially designed or modified for the "development", "production" "use" of equipment or materials controlled by the EU Common Military List ,49 Software , ,17 1,04 % Ghana* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 3 381,00 Hungary , ,00 0,01 % 5 370, , ,00 0,11 % India ML7f Protective and equipment 369,89 369,89 0,00 % Indonesia ML7f Protective and equipment 423,60 423,60 0,00 % 10

11 Italy ML1d Silencers and accessories ML11 ML13a 390, ,50 Electronic equipment, not components therefor ,00 Armoured plate 7 196,00 ML13c* * 999,00 Helmets and specially therefor ,50 Japan , ,40 0,30 % 1 366,50 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,50 0,05 % Kazakhstan , , ,00 0,01 % Kenya* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 1 428, , ,00 0,00 % Lebanon* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor , , ,00 0,06 %

12 Lithuania Luxembourg 4 212, ,00 0,00 % 2 343, ,63 0,00 % Malaysia ML3 Ammunition and fuze setting devices, and specially designed components therefor 800,00 ML7f ML ,82 Protective and equipment ,00 "Energetic materials", and related substances , ,92 0,85 % Mali* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 2 460,00 Mauritius* Netherlands ML1d Silencers and accessories , ,00 0,01 % 9 084, ,00 0,00 % 9 895,00 359,00 ML14 Specialised equipment for military training or for simulating military scenarios, simulators specially designed for training in the use of any firearm or weapon controlled by ML1 or ML2, and specially designed components and accessories therefor , ,00 0,01 % New Zealand ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML1d Silencers and accessories 3 900, ,36 12

13 Norway ML1d Silencers and accessories 5 313, ,96 0,02 % ML4a 1 058, ,42 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges 2 143,32 200, ,24 0,16 % Oman ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,00 0,12 % Panama ML13c* * ,00 Helmets and specially therefor 936,00 Poland ML1d Silencers and accessories 2 556, ,00 0,01 % ML6a Military vehicles 2 161, , ,50 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,10 14,85 % Portugal , ,00 0,01 % 13

14 Qatar ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,00 0,01 % Russia ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML13a Armoured plate 3 500, , , ,94 0,45 % Singapore ML7 Chemical or biological toxic agents, "tear gases", radioactive materials, related equipment, components, materials and "technology." ,00 ML7f Protective and equipment , ,00 0,02 % Slovenia 492,00 492,00 0,00 % Somalia* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor ,50 South Africa ML1d Silencers and accessories , ,00 0,08 % 7 359, ,00 ML22a "Technology" for the "development", "production" or "use" of items controlled in the EU Common Military List, other than that "technology" controlled in ML , ,50 0,09 % South Korea ,10 14

15 ML11 ML13a Electronic equipment, not components therefor ,00 Armoured plate Spain ML1d Silencers and accessories , ,10 0,11 % ML5b 243,60 Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor , , ,60 0,06 % Sudan* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 9 045,00 Sweden ML1d Silencers and accessories , ,00 0,02 % ML3 ML4a ML6a 6 147,60 Ammunition and fuze setting devices, and specially designed components therefor , ,10 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges ,00 Military vehicles ML8 "Energetic materials", and related substances ,00 395,00 15

16 ML9 ML9 ML11 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially ,00 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially ,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,00 ML15b Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor ,00 ML15f Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor , ,70 64,86 % Switzerland ML1d Silencers and accessories ML13c* * 736, ,16 Helmets and specially therefor , , ,16 0,05 % Syria* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 2 700, , ,00 0,01 %

17 Taiwan ML7f Protective and equipment 533,60 533,60 0,00 % Thailand ,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,00 0,04 % Turkey ML7f Protective and equipment ,00 ML11 ML13a Electronic equipment, not components therefor 5 780,00 Armoured plate , ,50 0,56 % Ukraine ML7f Protective and equipment 455,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,00 0,01 % United Arab Emirates ML2a Mortars and accessories components therefore 160,00 ML11 ML13c* ,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor ,00 Helmets and specially therefor 1 524,00 17

18 * United Kingdom ML1d Silencers and accessories , ,00 0,06 % ML7f ML9a ML10c ,00 Protective and equipment ,94 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially ,00 Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor ,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor , ,94 2,95 % United States ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML2a ML4a ML7f ML7f ML10c2 ML ,42 Mortars and accessories components therefore , ,34 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges ,32 Protective and equipment 5 139,32 Protective and equipment ,70 Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor 4 758,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor ,80 18

19 ML13a Armoured plate , ,13 2,26 % Yemen* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 2 883, , ,60 0,01 % TOTAL ,39 100,00 % *For United Nations mandated or other international missions 5. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY REGION Region Number of export licences Value of licences Value of actual exports Share of total actual exports North Africa 0 0 0,00 0,00 % Sub-Saharan Africa , ,50 0,09 % North America , ,34 6,72 % Central America and the C , ,00 0,01 % South America , ,32 0,85 % Central Asia , ,00 0,01 % North East Asia , ,14 0,62 % South East Asia , ,52 2,88 % South Asia , ,89 0,34 % European Union , ,59 86,95 % Other European countries , ,40 0,46 % Middle East , ,03 0,71 % Oceania , ,16 0,36 % TOTAL , % 19

20 6. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY COUNTRY 20

21 7. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY PRODUCT CATEGORY ML category Number of export licences Value of licences (EUR) Value of actual exports (EUR) Share of total actual exports % , ,38 0,77 % ,44 4,40 % , ,82 2,83 % , ,95 1,00 % , ,00 0,17 % , ,26 78,58 % , ,09 1,00 % , ,34 2,02 % , ,00 4,41 % ,00 0,22 % , ,80 1,93 % , ,94 1,70 % , ,00 0,00 % , ,00 0,29 % , , ,37 0,62 % , ,00 0,06 % TOTAL , ,39 100,00 % 21

22 8. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY PRODUCT (M ) , , , , ,00 Military vehicles Vessels of war Smooth-bore weapons 20mm , , ,00 Ammunition "Energetic materials" Other , ,00 0,00 22

23 9. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS AND VALUE OF THE LICENCES IN YEARS (M ) 400,00 350,00 300,00 250,00 M ( ) 200,00 150,00 100,00 Actual Exports Licences 50,00 0, Year Actual Exports Licences ,56 102, ,59 160, ,10 44, ,44 85, ,74 56, ,26 337, ,84 186, ,77 61, ,45 175, ,04 64, ,00 344,24 23

24 10. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF EU COMMON MILITARY LIST CATEGORIES For the full Common Military List of the European Union, see Official Jo urnal of the European Union C 90/1 of 27 March 2013 ML1 Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre of less than 20 mm, other arms and automatic weapons with a calibre of 12,7 mm (calibre 0,50 inches) or less and accessories, components therefor. ML2 Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre of 20 mm or more, other weapons or armament with a calibre greater than 12,7 mm (calibre 0,50 inches), projectors and accessories, and specially therefor. ML3 Ammunition and fuze setting devices, components therefor. ML4 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges and related equipment and accessories, specially, components therefor. ML5 Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, specially designed for milit ary use, and specially and accessories therefor. ML6 Ground vehicles and components. ML7 Chemical or biological toxic agents, "tear gases", radioactive materials, related equipment, components, materials and "technology." ML8 "Energetic materials", and related substances. ML9 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories,, specially. ML10 "Aircraft", unmanned airborne vehicles, aero-engines and "aircraft" equipment, related equipment and components, specially designed or modified for military use. ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor. ML12 High velocity kinetic energy weapon systems and related equipment, components therefor. ML13 Armoured or protective equipment and constructions and components. ML14 Specialised equipment for military training or for simulating military scenarios, si mulators specially designed for training in the use of any firearm or weapon controlled by ML1 or ML2, and specially and accessories therefor. ML15 Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor. ML16 Forgings, castings and other unfinished products the use of which in a controlled product is identifiable by material composition, geometry or function, and which are specially designed for any products controlled by ML1 to ML4, ML6, ML9, ML10, ML12 or ML19. ML17 Miscellaneous equipment, materials and libraries, components therefor. ML18 Equipment for the production of products referred to in List. ML19 Directed energy weapon systems (DEW), related or countermeasure equipment and test models, components therefor. ML20 Cryogenic and "superconductive" equipment, components and accessories therefor. ML21 "Software" specially designed or modified for the "development ", "production" "use" of equipment or materials controlled by List. ML22 "Technology" for the "development ", "production" or "use" of items controlled in the EU Common Military List, other than that "technology" controlled in ML7. 24