Internationalization in Higher Educationa must for individuals, institutions and national policies

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1 Internationalization in Higher Educationa must for individuals, institutions and national policies Dr. Christian Bode - Secretary General - German Academic Exchange Service Kobe, 24th November 2009 Introduction of DAAD Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst a self-governing organisation of the German institutions of higher education with 229 member institutions and 124 student bodies 2

2 DAAD Budget and Results Other sources 27 mio = 8% EU 50 mio = 14% Foreigners (DAAD: 36,200) Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Develop ment 30 mio = 8% Federal Ministry of Education and Research 78 mio = 22% 356 mio EUR Ministry of Foreign Affairs 171 mio = 48% Germans (DAAD: 21,300) ERASMUS/LEONARDO grants for Germans (EU: 30,000) 20% students 60% graduates, PHD 20% staff 250 programmes About 550 professors in 88 selection committees 3 Goals and expenditures of the DAAD in 2009 Scholarships for foreigners Supporting future foreign elites at German universities and research institutes 83 mio Scholarships for Germans Supporting future German Leaders in their studies and Research abroad (including ERASMUS) 96 mio Internationalisation of German universities Increasing the international appeal of German universities and promoting the international dimension in German higher education 64 mio Promoting German Studies and the German language abroad Promoting the German language and German Studies at foreign universities 43 mio Educational cooperation with developing countries Promoting academic, economic, and democratic development in developing and reform countries 70 mio 4

3 The DAAD network worldwide 5 Overview of DAAD Exchange-programmes with Japan 2008 Total number of Japanese: 370 Total number of Germans: Long term scholarships Short term courses Student traineeships/internships Partnership Programmes (incl. ISAP, Alumni Plus), STIBET 111 6,1 Mio. 6

4 Two decades of globalisation The Fall of the wall and what it meant to (German) Higher Education Twenty years of Globalisation The Fall of the Wall nov The end of the cold war 8

5 Disintegration of the Soviet Union : the New East Russian Federation UDSSR UDSSR 9 Europe s development from a common market to a wider political union EC 12 EU 27 10

6 The Asian Tigers, Dragons and Elephants 11 New, fast and cheap... A new dimansion of transportation A new dimension of communication Cheap transportation and new media (TV, internet, mobile) created an international market of students and staff (brain circulation) 12

7 The Bologna Revolution Bologna 1989 London 2007 Bologna Magna Charta 13 European Higher Education Area: 46 Countries 1999 (Bologna: 30) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom 2001 (Prag: 33) Croatia, Cyprus, Turkey 2003 (Berlin: 40) Albania, Andorra, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Holy See, FYR of Macedonia, Russia, Serbia 2005 (Bergen: 45) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine 2007 (London: 46) Montenegro 14

8 The Bologna Declaration 1999 : the main aims Adoption of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees with 2 cycles Creation of Area mobility in the European Higher Education European co-operation in quality assurance Promotion of attractiveness of the European H.E. and Research Area 15 After 20 years of globalisation one thing is sure: Internationalization is a M U S T in order to ensure/enhance High Quality in Study, Research, H.E. Management Reputation, Attractiveness, Competitiveness Access to complementary funding A sound contribution to solve the global problems (i.e. MDG...) 16

9 Internationalization on the Individual/personal level means; 1. To learn about the international aspects of the subject (international curriculum) 2. To add foreign language skills ( 2 foreign languages, one of which should be english) 3. To study on an international campus together with international students and teachers 4. To study or work abroad for a substantial time 5. To become a global citizen 17 Mobility of students world-wide (2007) Europe 1,337 mio Europe 719,000 North America 89,000 Asia 297,000 North America 723,000 2,8 mio international Students Asia 1,061 mio South America 165,000 South America 34,000 Africa & Arabian States 402,000 Africa & Arabian States 129,000 Australia Oceania 207,000 Australia Oceania 10,000 Source: UNESCO

10 Challenges I: More Outbound- Mobility (study abroad) Benchmark Bologna 2020: at least 20% of Europe's H.E.I.-graduates should have had a study or training period abroad DAAD target 2012: at least 50% of Germany s H.E.I-graduates should have had a study or training period abroad USA: Lincoln initiative - 1 million Americans abroad others to follow (? ): Japan? 19 German Students abroad Deutsche Studierende im Ausland Quelle: Wissenschaft Weltoffen

11 Mobility: The Erasmus Program (Germany ) 1,3 million Top 10 Host countries for German ERASMUSstudents ,7 million EU-students prognosis 1. Spain 2. France 3. Great Britain 4. Sweden 5. Italy 6. Finland 7. Ireland 8. The Netherlands 9. Polen 10. Norway / / / / / / / / / / / / / /01 0,6 Mio. EUR 25 Mio. EUR 36 Mio. EUR 46 Mio. EUR 2001/ / / / / / / / / / / /13 21 EU-ERASMUS-Program ,000 ERASMUS Students 325,000 ERASMUS Students ERASMUS budget 208 mio EUR ERASMUS budget 420 mio EUR 22

12 Internationalization on the institutional level means : 1. To develop an Internationalization Strategy for the U. 2. To facilitate the international education of the U s students through - study abroad programmes - windows of mobility - generous recognition of international credits - foreign language courses -international curricula 3. To internationalize the U teaching staff by - recruiting foreign teachers - inviting international guest lecturers - promotion international experience for the U s own staff 4. To attract qualified international students through -appropriate (international) courses - hospitable living and working conditions - professional information and promotion 5. To establish a reliable and attractive int l network of cooperating Uni ies 23 Challenge II More Inbound Mobility 1. USA :World leader in the Education Market: Open doors 2. UK: Prime Ministers Inititives : fees for services 3. AUS: Our biggest growth industry Other english speaking countries catching up ( CDN, NZE, IRL) 5. Germany, France, continental EU : no (or very low ) tuition fees, but interested in international talents and engaged in development aid and cultural diplomacy (soft power) 24

13 DAAD-Marketing Action Fields since 2001 Higher Education Marketing 102 fairs in 27 countries 601 presentations at education fairs Research Marketing (since 2004): 63 projects 2008: 33 projects in 18 countries Word-Image- Brands GATE Germany further training Testimonial-Campaign 53 testimonials from 32 countries 50 Information Centres worldwide 97 workshops and training courses 04/09 25 Marketing Study in Germany - Land of Ideas 26

14 European Co-operation European Higher Education Fairs (EHEF) PEER Consortium (Nuffic, British Council, DAAD, Edu/Campus France) Eurofairs in Latinamerica Euro Posgrados Mexico EU-policy on marketing is yet to be decided (global promotion project) 27 Results I Foreign first-year students Source: Wissenschaft Weltoffen Page 24 28

15 Results II Foreign students China India Mexico Russian Federation Total (all countries) WS 1996/97 4, , WS 1997/98 5, ,182 WS 1998/99 5, ,930 WS 1999/00 6,526 1, ,946 WS 2000/01 9,109 1, ,987 WS 2001/02 14,070 2, ,383 WS 2002/03 20,141 3, ,601 WS 2003/04 25,284 4, ,814 WS 2004/05 27,129 4,249 1,174 11,479 WS 2005/06 27,390 3,988 1,268 11,953 WS 2006/07 27,117 3,780 1,394 12,197 WS 2007/08 25,479 3,527 1,380 11, Challenges III : Foreign Languages Language policy 1. More English taught courses 2. Foreign language teaching 30

16 Challenges IV : The Social Dimension Social dimension 1. Accommodation 2. Integration into campus life and civil society 31 Internationalization on the national level means: 1. Financal support schemes for student exchanges (portability of domestic grants special fellowship programs for in- and outbound mobility reseach grants with integrated mobility component 2. Removal of legal obstacles ( visa and immigration policy, work permit 3. Establishment of professional Agencies 4. Bilateral governmental cooperation agreements 5. Multilateral policy coordination ( see Bologna Process, ASEAN, UNESCO 32

17 Academic Exchange and Cooperation between Japan and Germany Not bad... but... Not good enough 33 Germany and Japan in Comparison Population Grossdomesticproduct GDP per capita Export Export to Japan/ to Germany Germany trillion US$ US$ billion US$ billion Japan trillion US$ US$ 747 billion US$ billon Number of students Graduates PhD Graduates Number of foreign students Jap. Stud. In Germany/German Stud. in JPN Students abroad (all countries) 2 Million , Million Patents Universities in the Shanghai ranking World Bank Knowledge Economy Index Proportion of all publications listed in SCI innovative capability World rank 5 40 Rank 12 9% Rank 9 World rank 1 31 Rank 20 10% Rank 7 34

18 Some recommendations Intensify institutional cooperation (partnerships, programmes) Multiply short courses opportunities ( trial course ) Offer courses in English plus language training in Japanese - Win over more scientists and engineers for cooperation - Integrated Internships abroad are as good as university studies - For advanced cooperation: Double-Degree programs and co-tutelle (joint PHD-programs) Secure professional staff for implementation Lobby the good case internally and in public 35 Thank you! 36