Nomos. German Community Pharmacists. From Product-Oriented Suppliers to Patient-Oriented Health Care Professionals. Jochen Pfeifer

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1 Jochen Pfeifer German Community Pharmacists From Product-Oriented Suppliers to Patient-Oriented Health Care Professionals 2 nd, unrevised edition Nomos

2 Jochen Pfeifer German Community Pharmacists From Product-Oriented Suppliers to Patient-Oriented Health Care Professionals 2 nd, unrevised edition Nomos

3 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at a.t.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 2014 Original title: Advancing the professionalization of German community pharmacists and creating a new mission statement using select international best practice standards ISBN (Print) (epdf) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN (Print) (epdf) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pfeifer, Jochen German Community Pharmacists From Product-Oriented Suppliers to Patient-Oriented Health Care Professionals Jochen Pfeifer 146 p. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN (Print) (epdf) 2 nd, unrevised edition 2015 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, Germany Printed and bound in Germany. This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, re-cording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to Verwertungs gesellschaft Wort, Munich. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos or the author.

4 List of Abbreviations 13 Summary Professional Status of German community pharmacists Community Pharmacists in Germany: History and Challenges History Overview Differences between Pharmaceutical Advice and Pharmaceutical Care Introduction Pharmaceutical advice Pharmaceutical care Evidence based approaches Selective care projects in Germany Geriatric Pharmacy Pharmacist-led intervention to improve inhalation technique in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients Relevance of Foucault s work to pharmacy practice Introduction Foucault s Birth of the Clinic Power and knowledge Pharmacists taking control over patients Patients exercising power and control Discussion 47 9

5 4. German community pharmacists social authority and professionalization 4.1 Introduction Abraham Flexner: Physician thinks, pharmacist obeys The trait approach Impure Status of community pharmacists Mystique of community pharmacists role Talcott Parsons concept of the sick role Community pharmacists professionalization and the U.S. Supreme Court 4.8 Norman Denzin s incomplete professionalization Introduction Control over social objects by community pharmacists in Over-qualification of pharmacists Full autonomous control over prescription drugs Full autonomous control over OTC medication Social positioning of community pharmacists Psychological reactance Discussion Quality of pharmacy practice Introduction Definition Donabedian s model of evaluating community pharmacists quality 5.4 FIP s and WHO s Quality standards Distribution Assessment of patient health status and needs Management of medication therapy Educating prescribers Monitoring of patients outcomes Providing information on health related issues

6 5.5 The Seven-Star-Pharmacist concept of the United Nations Implementation of international best practice elements Definition of Best practice Implementation process Education Germany U.S.A Australia France United Kingdom Discussion Essential community pharmacy services Advanced services Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Consulting Pharmacists Collaborative pharmacy practice including prescribing rights for the community pharmacist Patient Centered Medical Home Implementation of advanced services into German community pharmacies New forms of payment The International Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience of the University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, in a German community pharmacy Implementation of advanced pharmacy services into German community pharmacy according to the recommendations of the ADVISORY COUNCIL on the Assessment of Developments in the Health Care System Introduction New forms of direct patient care Practice Management Implementation in German community pharmacies using the concept of Diffusion of innovation

7 8.5 Discussion Proposal: Mission Statement for German pharmacists Introduction of a mission statement Proposition of a new mission statement Outlook 127 Bibliography