WESTERN PACIFIC REGION NURSING AND MIDWIFERY DATABANK

Transcription

1 WESTERN PACIFIC REGION NURSING AND MIDWIFERY DATABANK COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 1. Historical events in nursing and midwifery (e.g. milestones in the development of nursing and midwifery) 1950: First Nursing School was founded 2 years General Nursing Course was commenced 1960: Nursing training Curriculum was expanded to be a 3 year diploma program. 1975: Nursing school closed down by Khmer Rouge regime 1979: Primary Nursing and midwife course commenced. 1980: 3-year program for secondary Nurses (Registered Nurse) and midwifery started. 1983: 2-year bridge course for primary nurse to secondary Nurses started. 1989: Primary Nurse and primary Midwife program were phased out. 1991: 1.5- year Anaesthesiology course was introduced. Dental Nursing Course begun at Kompong cham RTC. 1994: New 3 year nursing curriculum for secondary Nurse started. 1995: 3-year secondary Nurse and midwife curriculum was phased out Established Cambodian Nurses Association 1996: Health Personal Education course started. 1997: 2-year bridge course for secondary nurse and midwife 1998: New nursing curriculum revised. 1- year chief Nurse/ midwife discontinued in 2003 Basic Eye Nurse started in Takeo Province Last update:

2 COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 1999: 1.5-year psychiatric/mental Health nursing course was commenced. 1999: Health Personal Education course discontinued 2000: Several meetings conducted at the University of Health Sciences on new Nursing education system. 2003: 2005: 2007: 2008: 2009: 2011: 1- year post basic training for midwifery started Roles and functions of nurses Roles and functions of Chief nurses Roles and functions of head nurses Establishing national nursing policy to support nursing and midwifery practice Established Cambodian Council of Nurses, which was endorsed by His Majesty the King of Kingdom of Cambodia, Noro Dom Sihamony. Curriculum of Bachelor of Science in Nursing 4-year program Nursing document was developed and approved by Minister of Health Integrate nursing process in government hospitals First having registered Professional Nurses Developed Nursing Process Manual Developed Nursing Protocols for Nurses and Midwives Developing Code of Ethics for Nurses Developing Common Core Competency for Cambodian Nurses Page 2

3 COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 2012: National Exit Exam 2013: Bridging course from ADN to BSN is starting Starting to develop Scope of Standard of Professional Practice 2. Regulations and Laws 2.1 Act or Law Regulation focus Target Nurse categories Professional nurses and midwives Title of Act or Law Year Regulatory authority 1. Roles and functions of nurses 2. Roles and functions of Chief nurses 3. Roles and functions of head nurses 4. National nursing policy 5. Establishing Cambodian Council of Nurses Ministry of Health 2.2 Regulatory authority Authority Address Phone No. Ministry of Health # , Blvd. Kampuchea Krom Phnom Penh, Cambodia Nursing and Midwifery Associations Name of Association Cambodian Nurses Association Address Phone No Page 3

4 COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 4. Nurse, Midwife leaders and/or focal points Name and position title Organization and Address Phone No. Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department, Ministry of Health # , Blvd. Kampuchea Krom, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Cambodian Council of Nurses Cambodian Midwives Council # , Blvd. Kampuchea Krom, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Categories and functions of nurses, midwives Category Entry requirement Length of training Level/ Credential Description Primary nurse Associate degree Bachelor degree High school diploma High school diploma High school diploma 12- month Certificate 3-year Diploma 4-year Diploma 6. Nursing and Midwifery Education (include a diagrammatic illustration if available and the total number of nursing and midwifery schools) Public Sector: 5 Regional Training Centres, Military School Private Sector: International University, Chenla University, Life University, Puthasas University, Asian Healthcare Institute, Norton University, Meanchey University, and Phnom Penh Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Science. Please see attached sheet for courses and intakes at the public sector schools Page 4

5 COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 7. Resources available (e.g. practice guidelines, standards, policies on nursing/midwifery workforce) Subject/Title Year published Description Contact (Name, Address, Phone No., Fax No., , etc.) 1. National Nursing Policy Promoting nursing process 2. Improve hospital hygiene 3. Strengthening quality control 2. Roles of nurses - Analysis - Organizing - Implementing - Assessing - Involving on clinical and pandemic of data collection 3. Roles and function of nurse manager 4. Nursing & Midwifery protocol guideline 5. Nursing process guideline 6. Draft of Code of Ethics for Nurses - Disease prevention - Research - Training/Health education - Care patients - Communication - Management - Training and Information - 28 protocols - Vital signs - Drug administration - Foley catheter - NGT - Assessment - Diagnosis - Planning - Implementation - Evaluation - Chapter 1: general provision - Chapter 2: duties and functions of professional Page 5 Mr Koy Virya, Chief Bureau Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department Tel: viryakoy@yahoo.com Mr. Koy Virya, Chief Bureau Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department Tel: viryakoy@yahoo.com Mr Koy Virya, Chief Bureau Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department Tel: viryakoy@yahoo.com Mr Koy Virya, Chief Bureau Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department Tel: viryakoy@yahoo.com Mr Koy Virya, Chief Bureau Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department Tel: viryakoy@yahoo.com Mr Koy Virya, Chief Bureau Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department Tel:

6 COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 7. Set of Professional nurses competencies nurses - Chapter 3: nurses-patient relationship - Chapter 4: nurse-health worker relationship - Chapter 5: professional exercise - Chapter 6: additional provision - Chapter 7: final provision - Scientific Foundations for Nursing Practices - Provision of Nursing Care Services - Professional and Personal Behaviors viryakoy@yahoo.com Mr Koy Virya, Chief Bureau Bureau of Nursing and Midwifery, Hospital Services Department Tel: viryakoy@yahoo.com 8. Main nursing and midwifery issues/priorities: a. Shortage and poor distribution of nursing and midwifery personnel; b. Shortage of qualified teachers and capable managers; c. Inadequate number of qualified or properly trained nurses/midwives; d. Inadequate leadership skills of nurses and midwives; e. Inadequate professional autonomy f. Insufficient teaching-learning resources g. Insufficient funds for educational programmes and faculty development h. Theory-practice gaps; i. Low quality of care 9. Important policies or strategies needed: a. Standard of nursing and midwifery professional practice b. Cambodian common core competencies c. Code of ethics for nurses d. Continuing Professional Education Programs of nurses and midwives e. National Nursing and Midwifery Protocols Page 6

7 COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 10. Does your country have a National Health Plan and/or Human Resources for Health Strategy? How have nursing and midwifery workforce policies been integrated into the plan(s)? Health Strategic Plan Make services more responsive and closer to the public through implementation of a decentralized Service delivery function and a management function guided by the national Policy on Service Delivery and the policy on Decentralization and Deconcentration. 2. Strengthen sector-wide governance through implementation of sector wide approach, focusing on increased national ownership and accountability to improved health outcomes, harmonization and alignment, greater coordination and effective partnerships among all stakeholders. 3. Scale up access to and coverage of health services, especially comprehensive reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services both demand and supply side through mechanisms such as institutionalization and expansion of contracting through Special Operating Agencies, exemptions for the poor, health equity funds, and health insurance. 4. Implement pro-poor health financing systems, including exemptions for the poor and expansion of health equity funds, in combination with other forms of social assistance mechanisms. 5. Reinforce health legislation, professional ethics and code of conduct, and strengthen regulatory mechanisms, including for the production and distribution of pharmaceuticals, drug quality control, cosmetics, food safety and hygiene, to protect providers and consumers rights and their health. 6. Improve quality in service delivery and management through establishment of and compliance with the national protocols, clinical practice guidelines and quality standards, in particular establishment of accreditation systems. 7. Increase competency and skills of health workforce to deal with increased demand for accountability and high quality care, including through strengthening allied technical skills and advanced technology through increased quality practice of training, career development, right incentives, and good working environment. 8. Strengthen and invest in health information system and health research for evidence-based policy-making, planning, monitoring performance and evaluation. 9. Increase investment in physical infrastructures and medical care equipment and advanced technology, as well as in improvement of non-medical support services including management, maintenance, blood safety, and supply systems for drugs and commodities. 10. Promote healthy lifestyles of the population by raising health awareness and creating supportive environments, including through strengthening institutional structures, financial and human resources, and IEC materials for health promotion, behavior change and appropriate health seeking practices. 11. Prevent and control communicable and selected chronic and non-communicable diseases, and strengthen disease surveillance systems for effective response to emerging and remerging diseases. 12. Strengthen public health interventions to deal with cross-cutting challenges, especially gender, health of minorities, hygiene and sanitation, school health, environmental health risks, substance abuse/mental health, injury, occupational health, disaster, through timely response, effective collaboration and coordination with other sectors. Page 7

8 COUNTRY: CAMBODIA 13. Promote effective public and private partnerships in service provision based on policy, regulation, legislations and technical standards. 14. Encourage community engagement in health service delivery activities, management of health facilities and continuous quality improvement. 15. Systematically strengthen institutions at all s of the health system to implement policy agenda listed under the previous 14 elements. Page 8

9 Appendix A2 UHS, TSMC, RTC and NIPH Programmes title,, content 2011 No. Category Professional Level Curriculum Design 1- Medical doctor Graduate 8 years-medical education: o Foundation year Certificate of Foundation Year is one-year study and all students required to pass National Entrance Exam to proceed with the medical education. o 1 st Cycle Certificate of Basic Health Sciences is two years-study in the 2 nd and 3 rd year of the medical education o 2 nd Cycle Bachelor of Medical Sciences is three years-study in the 4 th, 5 th and 6 th year of the medical education o 3 rd Cycle University Diploma in General Medicine is two years-study in the 7 th and 8 th year internship of the medical education. Each student is required to present thesis and pass national exit exam. Total credits: 286 o Theory: 225 credits o Practice: 41 credits o Internship: 20 credits 2- Medical assistant Mid- 5 years-education programme: o Learning exclusively theories in the first year o Starting to do medical practice in the 2 nd year in the morning in national hospitals and learning theories in the UHS-Faculty of Medicine in the afternoon o 6 months-internship in the last month before final exit exam Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills Apply effectively knowledge, skills and attitude in general medicine for individual patients and in accordance with professional code of conduct and the strategy of the Ministry of Health Provide health education and prevention to community Work effectively as team with other health professionals Conduct health-related research Apply medical knowledge, skills and attitude in general medicine for individual patients Remark Admission: Baccalaureate High School Diploma and passed national entrance exam Medical doctors are mainly produced and supplied into the system by the UHS But now there are many sources of graduated medical doctors: abroad and private universities. The program terminated in

10 No. Category Professional Level Curriculum Design 4- Primary midwife Lowest 12 months-education programme with 44 credits: o Theory: 31 credits o Practice: 13 credits 5- Associate degree in midwifery Mid- 3yrs education programme with 111 credits: o Theory 84 credits o Practice 17 credits o Internship 10 credits Each student is required to pass national exit exam Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills Work competently in primary of midwifery practice at the community and health centre s Use the primary health care approach to help meet basic health needs in the community and promote safe motherhood and responsible parenthood Remark Admission requirement: o Baccalaureate High School Diploma 5a- Bachelor degree in midwifery Graduate Starting Bachelor degree in nursing BDN Graduate Four years-education programme with 140 credits: o Theory: 114 credits o Practice: 16 credits o Internship: 10 credits Apply comprehensively knowledge, skills and attitude in nursing care to provide health services in line with the strategy of the Ministry of Health Respect professional code of conduct and ethics Use primary health care approach Students expected to graduate the first time in late Associate degree in nursing ADN Mid- 3 years-education programme with 108 credits: o Theory: 89 credits o Practice: 12 credits o Internship: 7 credits Each student is required to pass national exit exam Apply appropriately knowledge, skills and attitude to provide health services in line with the strategy of health care system of the Ministry of Health Respect professional code of conduct and ethics Use primary health care approach Admission requirement: o Baccalaureate High School Diploma 8- Associate degree in dental nursing care ADDN Mid- 3 years-education programme with 102 credits: o Theory: 82 credits o Practice: 6 credits o Internship: 14 credits Each student is required to pass national exit exam Apply appropriately knowledge, skills and attitude to provide dental health services in line with the strategy of the Ministry of Health Respect professional code of conduct and ethics Involve in research activity to promote dental and oral health status for community 2

11 No. Category Professional Level Curriculum Design Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills 10- Secondary nurse Mid- 3 years-education programme This education program does not exist anymore since the curriculum was reviewed and updated in 2007 to Associate Degree in Nursing Remark 11- Primary nurse Lowest 12 months-education programme with 44 credits: o Theory: 31 credits o Practice: 13 credits 12- Associate degree in medical laboratory technology ADMLT Mid- 3 years-education programme with 110 credits o Theory: 85 credits o Practice: 19 credits o Internship: 6 credits Each student is required to pass national exit exam Work competently in primary of nursing practice at the community and health centre s Use the primary health care approach to help meet basic health needs in the community and promote safe motherhood and responsible parenthood Apply appropriately knowledge, skills and attitude to provide reliable and acceptable basic medical laboratory technology services in line with the strategy of the Ministry of Health Respect professional code of conduct and ethics Admission requirement: o Baccalaureate High School Diploma Admission requirement: o Baccalaureate High School Diploma 13- Associate degree in physical therapy ADPT Mid- 3 years-education programme with 106 credits o Theory: 81 credits o Practice: 15 credits o Internship: 10 credits Each student is required to pass national exit exam Apply appropriately knowledge, skills and attitude to provide reliable and acceptable physical therapy services for contributing positive protection and reducing infirmity of disabled people in Cambodia Respect professional code of conduct and ethics The number of intake is limited and based on: o Health workforce projection o Production capacity of training institution 14- Associate degree in radiology technology Mid- 3 years-education programme with 106 credits o Theory: 81 credits o Practice: 15 credits o Internship: 10 credits Each student is required to pass national exit exam Apply appropriately knowledge, skills and attitude to provide effectively radiology technology and radiation medicine services in accordance with strategy of the Ministry of Health Respect professional code of conduct and ethics 3

12 Category Professional Level Curriculum Design 15- Pharmacist Graduate 5 years-education programme: o Foundation year Certificate of Foundation Year : one-year study and all students required to pass National Entrance Exam to proceed with the education program. o Certificate of Biological Sciences: two yearsstudy in the 2 nd and 3 rd year of the education program. o Bachelor in pharmacy: two-years of study in the 4 th and 5 th year Total credits: 199 o Theory: 152 credits o Classroom practice: 29 credits Internship skill practice : 18 credits in hospital, laboratory and pharmaceutical factory Each student is required to pass national exit exam 16- Pharmacy assistant Mid- 4 years-education programme: o Learning exclusively theories in the first year o Starting to do medical laboratory practices in the 2 nd year in the morning in national hospitals and learning theories in the UHS- Faculty of Pharmacy in the afternoon o 6 months-internship in the last month before final exit exam Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills Apply appropriately knowledge, skills and attitude for successfully practice in pharmaceutical fields in accordance with the strategy of the Ministry of Health Provide health education and drug use to patients and communities Conduct pharmaceutical research Apply knowledge, skills and attitude in pharmaceutical fields Remark Admission requirement: o Baccalaureate High School Diploma The program terminated in

13 Category Professional Level Curriculum Design Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills Remark 17- Doctor of dental surgery DDS Graduate 7 years-medical education: o Basic medical sciences: 3 years-study including the foundation year and all students required to pass National Entrance Exam after the first year to proceed with the education program o Bachelor of dentistry: 2 years-study in the 4 th and 5 th year o Doctor of dental surgery: 2 years-study Total credits: 278 credits o Theory: 211 credits o Practice: 47 credits o Internship: 20 credits Each student is required to present thesis and pass national exit exam Apply knowledge, skills and attitude for successful practice of general dentistry in accordance with the strategy of the Ministry of Health Provide health education to patients and communities Conduct dental and health-related research Admission requirement: o Baccalaureate High School Diploma 18- Dental assistant Mid- 5 years-education programme: o Learning exclusively theories in the first year o Starting to do dental practices in the 2 nd year in the morning in national hospitals and learning theories in the UHS-Faculty of Dentistry in the afternoon o 6 months-internship in the last month before final exit exam Apply knowledge, skills and attitude for successful practice of general dentistry The program terminated in MPH on Health System Development 20- MPH in Disease Control 2 years-education programme with 54 credits: o Coursework: 42 credits o Thesis: 12 credits 2 years-education programme with 54 credits: o Coursework: 42 credits o Thesis: 12 credits Analyze scientifically the health system issues Conduct health system research and training Publish research findings in local and international scientific journals Develop public health program interventions Conduct public health and epidemiological research and training Publish research findings in local and international scientific journals In-country education program offered by NIPH in 2007 Students are mostly government and NGOs health personnel and a few of them are new graduates 5

14 Category Professional Level Curriculum Design Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills Remark 21- MSc in Epidemiology 22- Master of Public Health 2 years-education programme 1 years-education programme Develop public health program interventions Conduct epidemiological research Provide public health training Publish research findings in local and international scientific journals Develop public health program interventions Conduct public health research and training Publish research findings in local and international scientific journals All graduated from overseas study through scholarship and capacity building programs All have already been employed in the health system 23- MSc in Health Economics 1 years-education programme Analyze scientifically the health financing issues of the health system Conduct research in health economics Provide training in health economics Publish research findings in local and international scientific journals 24- PhD in public health 3 years-education programme after postgraduate programme in master degrees in public health Develop public health program interventions Conduct independently public health and epidemiological research Provide public health teaching Publish research findings in local and international scientific journals 25- Medical specialist in general surgery 26- Medical specialist in gynecology and obstetrics Provide specialized consultation and treatment Perform general surgery Provide clinical teaching Conduct clinical research Provide specialized consultation and treatment Perform specialized surgery in gynecology and obstetrics Provide clinical teaching Conduct clinical research 6

15 No. Category Professional Level Curriculum Design Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills Remark 27- Medical specialist in pediatrics 28- Medical specialist in anesthesiology and reanimation 29- Medical specialist in medical imaging and radiology 30- Medical specialist in psychiatry 31- Medical specialist in ENT 32- Medical specialist in ophthalmology 33- Medical specialist in oncology Provide specialized consultation in pediatrics and treatment Provide clinical teaching Conduct clinical research Provide specialized consultation and treatment Perform anesthesiology and reanimation in operation room and ICU Provide clinical teaching and research Perform medical imaging to support diagnosis and treatment for individual patients Provide clinical teaching Conduct clinical research Provide specialized consultation and treatment Provide clinical teaching Conduct clinical research Provide specialized consultation and treatment Perform surgery in ENT Provide clinical teaching Conduct clinical research Provide specialized consultation and treatment Perform general surgery in ophthalmology Provide clinical teaching Conduct clinical research Provide specialized consultation and treatment in oncology Provide clinical teaching and research Conduct clinical research 7

16 No. Category Professional Level Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills 35- Doctor in medicament pharmacy 3 years-education programme Apply specialized knowledge, skills and attitude in pharmacy Provide teaching in biological sciences and pharmacy Conduct pharmaceutical research Study at the UHS-Faculty of Pharmacy in Phnom Penh 36- University diploma in emergency medicine 37- University diploma in ENT 13 months-modular programme 11 modules 12 months-modular programme 11 modules Provide specialized consultation and treatment in emergency medicine Provide specialized consultation and treatment in emergency medicine All of students and graduates have been employed in the health system 38- University diploma in dermatology 18 months-modular programme 8 modules Provide specialized consultation and treatment in dermatology 39- University diploma in diabetics 18 months-modular programme 6 modules Provide specialized consultation, diagnosis and treatment in emergency medicine 40- University diploma in lung disease 18 months-modular program 9 modules Provide specialized consultation, diagnosis and treatment in lung diseases 41- University diploma in pain 24 months-modular programme 9 modules Provide specialized consultation, diagnosis and treatment in pains 42- University diploma in cardiology 18 months-modular programme 9 modules Provide specialized consultation, diagnosis and treatment in cardiology 43- University diploma in pediatric surgery 24 months-modular programme 6 modules Provide specialized consultation, diagnosis and treatment in pediatric surgery 44- University diploma in cancer 18 months-modular programme 7 modules Provide specialized consultation, diagnosis and treatment in emergency medicine 45- University diploma in neurology 18 months-modular programme 12 modules Provide specialized consultation, diagnosis and treatment in neurology 8

17 No. Category Professional Level Curriculum Design Key Competencies Knowledge, Attitude and Skills Remark 46- Master of Dental Public Health 3 years-education programme with thesis Provide public health interventions in oral and dental health Conduct public health training and research Publish research findings in local and international scientific journals All of students and graduates have been employed in the health system 47- University diploma in pediatric dentistry 2 years-education programme Provide specialized consultation and treatment in pediatric dentistry 48- University diploma in peri-odontology 2 years-education programme Provide specialized consultation, treatment and surgery in peri-odontology 49- Master Degree in Orthodontic 3 years-education programme with thesis Provide specialized consultation and treatment and intervention in orthodontic 9

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19 Appendix A.3 UHS, TSMC, RTC and NIPH programs intakes, enrolments and graduates, No. Category Training institution Length of training Name of degree Entry requirements Professional Total intake Total graduates Total enrolment (all years) during Medical doctor UHS 8 years Diploma Master Degree Baccalaureate, completion of foundation year and passing national entrance exam Graduate (55 2 ) YR2: 617 YR3: 394 YR4: 535 YR5: 408 YR6: 283 YR7: YR8: nd : Medical assistant UHS 5 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid- Last graduation was in Pharmacist UHS 5 years Bachelor Degree Baccalaureate, completion of foundation year and passing national entrance exam As above (84) YR2: 238 YR3: 183 YR4: 222 YR5: Pharmacy assistant UHS 4 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid- Last graduation was in Doctor of dental surgery DDS UHS 7 years Diploma of dental doctor Baccalaureate, completion of foundation year and passing national exam Mid YR2: 124 YR3: 129 YR4: 134 YR5: 96 YR6: 59 YR7: 60 1 Passed national entrance exam and they re in the foundation year the policy just changed in the academic year Number of graduates in Internship for the 33 rd batch of medical students 4 Internship for the 32 nd batch of medical students 5 Internship for the nd batch medical students 1

20 No. Category Training institution Length of training Name of degree Entry requirements Professional Total intake Total graduates Total enrolment (all years) during Dental assistant UHS 5 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid- Last graduation was in MPH on health system development NIPH 2 years Master Bachelor degree in healthrelated fields Postgrad 4 th Batch 6 : rd Batch: 19 2 nd Batch: 6 1 st Batch: 9 8. MPH in disease control 9. MSc in Epidemiology NIPH 2 years Master Bachelor degree in healthrelated fields Study abroad NIPH Postgrad 4 th Batch: rd Batch: 8 2 nd Batch: 17 1 st Batch: 14 2 years Master MD, Pharmacist or dentist Postgrad Course at NIPH not yet started. Curriculum pending 10. Master of Public Health 11. MSc in health economics 12. PhD in public health NIPH 1 years Master MD, Pharmacist or dentist Postgrad 0 As above 1 years Master MD, Pharm or dentist Postgrad As above 3 years Ph D MD, Pharmacist or dentist Doctorate 13. Associate degree in midwifery TSMC and RTCs 3 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid YR2: 418 YR3: New enrolment in

21 No. Category Training institution Length of training Name of degree Entry requirements Professional Total intake Total graduates Total enrolment (all years) during Bachelor degree in midwifery - TSMC - Chenla Uni. - Puthasas Uni - IU 4 years Bachelor degree Baccalaureate + National entrance exam Graduate Starting foundation year, 2013 Foundation year: Secondary midwife TSMC and RTCs 3 years Mid-, diploma Mid- Launch new program in Primary midwife RTCs 1 years Certificate Baccalaureate Lowest Bachelor degree in nursing TSMC 4 years Bachelor degree Baccalaureate, completion of foundation year and passing national entrance exam Graduate YR2: 147 YR3: 481 YR4: Associate degree in nursing ADN Public Sector: 5 Regional Training Centres, Military School 3 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid YR2: 469 YR3: 530 Private Sector: International University, Chenla University, Life University, Puthasas University, Asian Healthcare Institute, Norton University, Meanchey University, and Phnom Penh Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Science. 3

22 No. Category Training institution Length of training Name of degree Entry requirements Professional Total intake Total graduates Total enrolment (all years) during Associate degree in dental nursing care ADDN RTC Kg. Cham 3 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid YR2: 48 YR3: Associate degree in nurse midwifery ADNM TSMC and RTCs 1 years Mid-, diploma Secondary nurse or ADN Mid Primary nurse RTCs 1 year Certificate Baccalaureate Lowest Associate degree in medical laboratory technology ADMLT TSMC 3 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid YR2: 36 YR3: Associate degree in physical therapy ADPT 24. Associate degree in radiology technology TSMC 3 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam TSMC 3 years Mid-, diploma Baccalaureate and passing national entrance exam Mid YR2: 22 YR3: 26 Mid YR2: 14 YR3: Internal medicine UHS 3 years Specialist diploma MD 28 6 (9 7 ) YR2: 21 YR3: 8 7 The number of graduates in

23 No. Category Training institution Length of training Name of degree Entry requirements Professional Total intake Total graduates Total enrolment (all years) during General surgery UHS 3 years As above As above As above 9 8 (0) YR2: 7 YR3: 10 YR4: Gynecology and obstetrics UHS 3 years As above As above As above 8 4 (5) YR2: 6 YR3: Pediatrics UHS 3 years As above As above As above 15+31= (8) YR2: 10 YR3: Anesthesiology and reanimation 30. Medical imaging and radiology UHS 3 years As above As above As above 3 2 (6) YR2: 10 YR3: 8 As above 3 years As above As above As above 6 2 (4) YR2: 6 YR3: Psychiatry As above 3 years As above As above As above 6 2 (4) YR2: 2 YR3: ENT As above 3 years As above As above As above 5 0 (0) YR2: 5 YR3: Ophthalmology As above 3 years As above As above As above 3 5 (5) YR2: 4 YR3: Oncology As above 3 years As above As above As above 2 0 (0) YR2: 0 YR3: Medical biology As above 3 years As above MD and Bachelor of pharmacy As above 5 0 (1) YR2: 7 YR3: Medicament As above 3 years As above Bachelor of pharmacy As above 7 0 (0) YR2: 0 YR3: 6 8 The number includes 31 students who have been in the first year of medical specialists in pediatrics at Jaravaraman 7 Pediatric Hospital in Siem Reap 5

24 No. Category Training institution Length of training Name of degree Entry requirements Professional Total intake Total graduates Total enrolment (all years) during Emergency medicine As above 13 months University Diploma MD As above 16 0 (19 9 ) ENT As above 1 year As above As above As above 0 0 (0) Dermatology As above 18 months As above As above As above 10 0 (11) Diabetics As above 18 months As above As above As above 0 0 (13) Lung disease As above 18 months As above As above As above 0 0 (14) Pains As above 24 months As above As above As above 0 0 (0) Cardiology As above 18 months As above As above As above 0 0 (7) Pediatric surgery As above 24 months As above As above As above 10 0 (5) Cancer As above 18 months As above As above As above Neurology As above 18 months As above As above As above 0 0 (7) Dental public health 48. Pediatric dentistry As above 3 years Master DDS As above 12 0 (0) 12 As above 2 years University Diploma As above As above 0 0 (4) Peri-odontology As above 2 years University Diploma As above As above 0 0 (0) Orthodontic As above 3 years Master As above As above 8 0 (0) 8 9 Number of graduates in