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Laura Gilmore
6 years ago
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4 '(%)*+% Disaster-prone risks in huge cities are interconnected with their development plans. Accordingly, the lack of proper and well-designed infrastructures, over population and the irregular expansion of the city, time-worn residential areas, as well as the inadequacies in having a thorough control mechanism in place, all in all lead to high or even higher levels of intensity and severity of any natural disasters, earthquake or flood, for instance. The metropolis of Tehran is, due to its geological status, considered among the most vulnerable cities to such hazards. In addition to natural disasters, Tehran is also at stake of man-made hazards, turning any accident into a live disaster. On a daily basis, one could notice many unsafe digging and non-technical building excavations, each prone to a disaster. The sirens of the fire department vehicles simply remind us of that! Taking the above situation into consideration, i.e. Tehran population density, restricted equipment and governmental facilities, compressed and massive constructional texture and the city s traffic conditions, in case of a real disaster occurring, the city would inevitably encounter financially massive and irreparable damages to people lives. Therefore and referring to global experience in managing and tackling with hazards of major and minor intensity in a city, there exists no capacity or force other than its own community of people.!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ ; 7 8 %, "

5 '(%)*+% From one hand, because of the existing native attachments, strong family/neighborhood ties, close living and working local networks, benefiting from a complete knowledge of the vicinity; and from the other, thanks to their Iranian, ideological and cultural solidarity, in time of a disaster, local people would soon get together and deliver rescue operations. This sense of responsibility could be more promising if supported with adequate knowledge and skills previously acquired. Thus and in favor of mitigating the risks susceptibility of the city and its people, and providing a decentralized, down-to-up management, necessary level of sensitivity/response should be created through information sharing and training. This is achievable by providing simple-to-do instructions to the public so as to support individuals with appropriate degree of preparedness to deal with preventive measures as well as to cope with upcoming hazards and disasters. Respectively and with regards to the fact that the public residentials and life-supporting complexes in Tehran lack a comprehensive emergency DRM, this area is to be duly noticed and addressed. Formation of the Disaster Management Teams in every living residence, public complex or locality AMAKEN serves a practically applicable strategy to enable both the city and its civilians in encountering such disasters. This group of individuals is comprised of ordinary residents or office staff, who besides their daily duties, have also volunteered to receive the required DRM training modules to elevate safety and mitigate any possible hazards or risks at home and/or work.!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ < 7 8 %, "

6 ,-".$ /%0(*# The greater Tehran area is located at the foot slope of the Alborz Mountains, which forms part of the Alps Himalaya Organic zone. This zone is one of high seismic potential with many peculiar active faults. The urban area of Tehran has been developed on alluvial layers, accumulated on hard rock through complex geological formations. According to historical seismic data, Tehran has suffered from several strong earthquakes with a return period of 150 years. Tehran s population increased fifty folds from 200,000 in 1900 to10.3 millions in 1996, of which 6.8 millions live within the city limits of Tehran. In the same period, however, total population of Iran increased only five folds, from 9.8 million to 60 million. Tehran, which had only a 2% share in total population, now incorporates more than 15% share. Tehran has not experienced a disastrous earthquake since Urban development has been rapidly processing in Tehran without the development of proper disaster prevention and mitigation measures against potential earthquake. It is required not only to establish safe and secure urban environment but also empowering the civil society against potential earthquake.!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ = 7 8 %, "

7 ,-".$ /%0(*# 2&*",$%*". 345&"$%6(5(*7 +%8-9!"#$%& Tehran Information Province Tehran Latitude N Longitude E City 1500 km (579 sq mi) Urban 686 km (265 sq mi) Elevation 1200 m (3,900 ft) Population(2006) about 11,000,000 Density 10000/km (25,899/sq mi) Time zone 3.5 GMT District 22 Sub District 9:6 Mahalleh ;?<!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ > 7 8 %, "

8 ,-".$ /1223 Tehran Metropolitan! the capital of Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the foot slope of the Alborz Mountains. The region is an earthquake- prone area and according to historical records, the last big earthquake has struck the city in Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO) affiliated to Tehran Municipalities that accomplishes its assigned duties and responsibilities upon approvals of Tehran City Council and Tehran Master Plan. TDMMO missions are defined as: Improving Tehran Citizens' Quality of Life from Natural and Manmade Disasters viewpoint. Emphasizing on risk reduction and prevention measures as well as enhancing preparedness and emergency response capabilities in Tehran. TDMMO is the responsible body for all natural and man-made disasters within Tehran area in coordination with all disaster management stakeholders to cover all stages of disaster management including mitigation and preparedness; emergency response; reconstruction and rehabilitation.!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($? 7 8 %, "

9 !"##$ %&'( )*+!,-+'(.+,'/ 0 1'/'2'3' 4,5*+6 789:,-".$ /1223 :%$*#;4%<" =-&(&, +%8 (& 2>?@!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!'++03

10 ,-".$ /1223 /1223 4$(*$%56%& 1. Identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing hazards including: - Geo-Hazards - Climatic Hazards - Man-made Hazards 2. Mitigation: - Earthquake mitigation - Flood mitigation 3. Disaster Management Capacity Building: - Developing Disaster Management Infrastructures - Developing and improving Disaster Management Facilities and Equipment 4. Developing Public Participation and Public Training on Disaster Management: - Improving public awareness and preparedness - Improving public participation in mitigation plan -!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ A 7 8 %, "

11 ,-".$ /1223 / %+$68%& 1. To take risk reduction measures in order to improve security and safety levels in Tehran through related coordination, studies, researches, training programs and executive measures for mitigation and preparedness prior to occurrence of disasters; 2. To take measures and make necessary coordination for increasing efficiency of disaster management system in Tehran and in relevant executive organizations to increase their capacity for emergency response and rescue and relief operations during disasters in order to decrease damages, human casualties and financial losses; 3. To monitor and supervise reconstruction efforts and recovery activities following disasters within natural frameworks and regulations as well as governmental and nongovernmental (public) aids.!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ %, "

12 ,-".$ /1223 /1223 4$(.+$.(% Tehran Disaster Mitigation & Management Organization (TDMMO) Specialized Responsible Organizations (Public Utilities, Red Crescent,... ) Municipality Disaster Management Office at Disaster Level Municipality Affiliated Organizations Neighborhood Councils (Shora Yari) Neighborhood Emergency Response Volunteers (DAWAM Groups)!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ %, "

13 9#$(":.+$6"# ") 16&*&$%( Management Teams Formation Plan in Tehran City This group of individuals is comprised of ordinary residents or office staff, who besides their daily duties, have also volunteered to receive the required DRM training modules to elevate safety and mitigate any possible hazards or risks at home and/or work. This group undertakes very vital and essential roles in case of a disaster. Categorization of city premises Based on their relative function, city premises or AMAKEN are classified as:! Residential! Commercial Premises! Administrative Offices! Cinemas And Movie Theaters! Schools! Hotels and Inns! Industrial and Manufacturing Facilities! Hospitals!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ 9: 7 8 %, "

above-mentioned, four types of buildings have been selected: Residential, Commercial, Official & Theater locations.

14 9#$(":.+$6"# ") 16&*&$%( Management Teams Formation Plan in Tehran City Regarding the financial constraints and limited human resources, from the above-mentioned, four types of buildings have been selected: Residential, Commercial, Official & Theater locations.! Residential: Such premises including minimum 18 apartments! Commercial: Such 27 offices and/or working 17 staff! Official: Office premises including minimum 27 working personnel! Movie Theaters: Such premises with no limit!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ 9; 7 8 %, "

15 38%(*;; '.(<"&% The plan aims at provision of preparedness to effectively manage and address probable disasters or hazards in Tehran AMAKEN or premises.!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ 9< 7 8 %, "

16 3-7%+$68% 1- Decreasing vulnerability of premises against disasters and their relative side-hazards through provision of preventive measures by AMAKEN (PREMISES) disaster management team 2- Efficient response to the disaster situation before arrival of the rescue team (emergency response plan) 3- Promoting public awareness through providing training to both residents/office personnel 4- Reducing dependence on governmental emergency response forces!"#$%& '()%)*"$ +(*(,%*(-& %&. +%&%,"/"&* 0$,%&(1%*(-& 2!' *.//-5*"#$%&5($ 9= 7 8 %, "

Delay in response may result in increased loss of lives and livelihoods.

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA) 26-29 August 2013 1 Delay in response may result in increased loss of lives and livelihoods. 2 Introduction Afghanistan has