Brief contents SPECIAL FEATURES 000 FOREWORD 000 PREFACE 000 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 000

Transcription

1 Brief contents SPECIAL FEATURES FOREWORD PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CHAPTER 1 Nursing: Historical and Current CHAPTER 2 Health, Wellness, and Illness CHAPTER 3 Legal Aspects of Nursing CHAPTER 4 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy CHAPTER 5 Culture and Heritage CHAPTER 6 Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process CHAPTER 7 Vital Signs CHAPTER 8 Health Assessment CHAPTER 9 Safety and Infection Control CHAPTER 10 Hygiene CHAPTER 11 Skin Integrity and Wound Care CHAPTER 12 Activity and Exercise CHAPTER 13 Oxygenation CHAPTER 14 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance CHAPTER 15 Nutrition CHAPTER 16 Elimination CHAPTER 17 Sleep CHAPTER 18 Pain Management CHAPTER 19 Promoting Psychosocial Health CHAPTER 20 Medications CHAPTER 21 Perioperative Nursing CHAPTER 22 Circulation APPENDIX A APPENDIX B Appendix C English-Arabic Glossary INDEX CREDITS ix

2 Table of Contents About the Authors vi Preface xv Contributors xxx Thank You xxii Special Features xii CHAPTER 1 Nursing: Historical and Current History of Nursing Current Nursing Roles and Functions of the Nurse Criteria of a Profession Factors Influencing current Nursing Nursing Education Types of Educational Programs Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Health Care Delivery Systems Types of Health Care Agencies and Services Providers of Health Care CHAPTER 2 Health, Wellness, and Illness Concepts of Health, Wellness and Well-Being Models of Health and Wellness Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs, and Practices Health Care Adherence Illness and Disease CHAPTER 3 Legal Aspects of Nursing General Legal Concepts Regulation of Nursing Contractual Arrangements in Nursing Selected Legal Aspects of Nursing Areas of Potential Liability in Nursing Legal Protections in Nursing Reporting Crimes, Torts, and Unsafe Practices Legal Responsibilities of Students CHAPTER 4 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy Values Morality and Ethics Nursing Ethics Specific Ethical Issues Advocacy CHAPTER 5 Culture and Heritage Cultural Nursing Care Concepts Related to Cultural Nursing Care CHAPTER 6 Selected Parameters for Cultural Nursing Care Providing Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care Critical Thinking and the Nursing Process Critical Thinking The Nursing Process Assessing Diagnosing[0] Planning Implementing Evaluating Documenting and Reporting Reporting CHAPTER 7 Vital Signs Body Temperature Pulse Respirations Blood Pressure Oxygen Saturation CHAPTER 8 Health Assessment Physical Health Assessment General Survey The Integument The Head The Neck The Thorax and Lungs The Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Systems The Breasts and Axillae The Abdomen The Musculoskeletal System The Neurologic System The Female Genitals and Inguinal Area The Male Genitals and Inguinal Area The Rectum and Anus Diagnostic Testing CHAPTER 9 Safety and Infection Control Factors Affecting Safety Infection Control Isolation Precautions Isolation Practices Sterile Technique Role of the Infection Control Nurse CHAPTER 10 Hygiene Hygienic Care Skin Feet x

3 Table of Contents xi Nails Mouth Hair Eyes Ears Nose Supporting a Hygienic Environment Making Beds CHAPTER 11 Skin Integrity and Wound Care Skin Integrity Types of Wounds Pressure Ulcers Wound Healing CHAPTER 12 Activity and Exercise Normal Movement Exercise Factors Affecting Body Alignment and Activity Effects of Immobility CHAPTER 13 Oxygenation Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Respiratory Regulation Factors Affecting Respiratory Function Alterations in Respiratory Function CHAPTER 14 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance Body Fluids and Electrolytes Acid Base Balance Factors Affecting Body Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid Base Balance Disturbances in Fluid Volume, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balances CHAPTER 15 Nutrition Essential Nutrients Energy Balance Body Weight and Body Mass Standards Factors Affecting Nutrition Nutritional Variations Throughout the Life Cycle Standards for a Healthy Diet Altered Nutrition CHAPTER 16 Elimination Urinary Elimination Factors Affecting Voiding Urinary Elimination Problems Fecal Elimination Factors that Affect Defecation Fecal Elimination Problems Bowel Diversion Ostomies CHAPTER 17 Sleep Physiology of Sleep Functions of Sleep Normal Sleep Patterns and Requirements Factors Affecting Sleep Common Sleep Disorders CHAPTER 18 Pain Management The Nature of Pain Physiology of Pain CHAPTER 19 Promoting Psychosocial Health Self-Concept Factors That Affect Self-Concept Spirituality Sexual Health Stress Loss and Grief Dying and Death CHAPTER 20 Medications Drug Standards Legal Aspects of Drug Administration Effects of Drugs Drug Misuse Actions of Drugs on the Body Factors Affecting Medication Action Routes of Administration Medication Orders System of Measurement Administering Medications Safely Oral Medications Nasogastric and Gastrostomy Medications Parenteral Medications Respiratory Inhalation Irrigations CHAPTER 21 Perioperative Nursing Types of Surgery Preoperative Phase Intraoperative Phase Postoperative Phase CHAPTER 22 Circulation Physiology of the Cardiovascular System Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Function Alterations in Cardiovascular Function Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C English-Arabic Glossary Index Credits

4 Special Features ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW Activity and Exercise Giving and Removing a Bedpan Heritage Assessment Tool Oxygenation Sleep Disturbances CLIENT TEACHING Active ROM Exercises Administering Medications At Home Breathing and Coughing Exercises Client Self-Management of Pain Controlling Postural Hypotension Foot Care Guidelines for Healthy Nutrition Healthy Defecation Home Care Activity and Exercise Home Care and Circulation Home Care and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance Home Care Oxygenation Managing Diarrhea Managing Pain in the Home Setting Minimal Requirements for Physical Activity Pelvic Muscle Exercises (Kegel Exercises) Preparing for Diagnostic Testing Promoting a Healthy Heart Promoting Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Promoting Sleep Skin Problems and Care Sleep at Home Suctioning a Tracheostomy or Endotracheal Tube at Home Suctioning in the Home Tracheostomy Care at Home Using a Bed or Chair Exit Safety Monitoring Device in the Home Using a Metered-Dose Inhaler Using an Incentive Spirometer Using Canes Using Cough Medications Using Crutches Using Walkers CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Circulation Fever Hypothermia Hypoxia Impending Clinical Death Insomnia Malnutrition Stress NURSING CARE PLAN A Client Experiencing Pain Administering Medications Deficient Fluid Volume For a Client at Risk of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection For a Client with a Complication Due to Infection For a Client with Imbalanced Nutrition For A Client With Skin Problems, 344 For Clients at Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity For Ineffective Airway Clearance Individualizing Care for Clients with Pain Risk for Disuse Syndrome Sleep PRACTICE TIPS Administering Medications by Nasogastric or Gastrostomy Tube Administering Metered-Dose Inhalers and Nebulizers to Applying Restraints ( xii

5 Special Features xiii Assessing Surgical Wounds ( Assessment for Postural Hypotension Bed-Making Caring for Clients with a Venous Access Device Communication during an Interview Documentation Eye Care for the Comatose or Unconscious Client Legal Protection for Nurses Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Infections Providing Passive ROM Exercises Reporting a Crime, Tort, or Unsafe Safe Use of Stretchers Steps to Follow after Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens (Follow Agency Policy for Variations) Supporting Religious Practices Techniques for Therapeutic Communication Vein Selection and Easier Starting of Intravenous Infusions Wheelchair Safety RESEARCH NOTES Are Nurses Committed to Medication Error? Can Children Describe Their Own Pain, and How Do Their Descriptions Match Those of Their Parents? Do the Weather Conditions Affect Total Body Water? Does Cultural Background Influence the Perception of Pain? Does Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Have an Impact on Hospitalized Patient Outcomes? Does Providing Preoperative Education Reduce Anxiety and Promote Recovery in Open-Heart Surgery? How Do Differences in Social and Religious Culture Affect Delivery of Health Care? How Do Muslim Women Describe their Experiences in Intensive Care Units? How do Saudi Arabian Nurses Perceive Nursing Care? How Do Surgical Nurses Perceive Clients Suffering from Pain? How does Parental Smoking Influence the Risk of Respiratory Symptoms among School Boys in Al-Khobar City, Saudi Arabia? Is the Current Nursing Practice of Caring for Patients Receiving Blood Transfusions Sufficient to Prevent the Anticipated Risks? Is There a Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Quality, Diet, and Hormones of Obesity? Is There a Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Quality, Diet, and Obesity Hormones? What Actions Should be Taken to Combat Obesity and Promote Physical Activity in Arab Countries? ( What are Islamic Religious Leaders Knowledge and Attitudes towards AIDS and their Perception of People Living with HIV/AIDS? ( What are Patients Preferences for Nurses Gender in Jordan? What are the Distribution and Resistance Trends of Uropathogens in Sharjah, UAE? What are the Factors Associated with the High Prevalence of Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region? What are the Features of Cardiovascular Diseases in Arab Countries? What are the Implications of Physical Inactivity on the Health of the Saudi Society? What are the Most Common Indications for Tracheostomy in the UAE? What are the Prevailing Sleep Patterns and Problems Among School Children? What Challenges to Health Care Delivery do the Differences in Cultural and Religious Beliefs of Arab American Patients Pose? What Factors Affect Elderly People s Acceptance of Home Care and Nursing Homes? What is the Status of Nursing in the Arab World? Would Incontinent Arab Females Seek Health Care? SKILLS Adding Medications to Intravenous Fluid Containers Administering a Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy Feeding Administering a Subcutaneous Injection Administering a Tube Feeding Administering an Enema Administering an Intradermal Injection for Skin Tests Administering an Intramuscular Injection Administering Intravenous Medications Using IV Push Administering Ophthalmic Instillations Administering Oral Medications Administering Otic Instillations Administering Oxygen by Cannula, Face Mask, or Face Tent Administering Vaginal Instillations Applying an External Catheter Applying Antiemboli Stockings Applying Restraints Assessing a Peripheral Pulse Assessing an apical pulse Assessing an Apical-Radial Pulse Assessing Blood Pressure

6 xiv Special Features Assessing Body Temperature Assessing Respirations Assessing the Abdomen Assessing the Breasts and Axillae Assessing the Ears and Hearing Assessing the Eye Structures Assessing the Eye Visual Acuity and Visual Fields Assessing the Heart and Central Vessels Assessing the integument Assessing the Mouth and Oropharynx Assessing the Musculoskeletal System Assessing the Neck Assessing the Neurologic System Assessing the Nose and Sinuses Assessing the Peripheral Vascular System Assessing the Skull and Face Assessing the Thorax and Lungs Assisting the Client to Ambulate Assisting the Client to Sit on the Side of the Bed (Dangling) Bathing an Adult or Pediatric Client Brushing and Flossing the Teeth Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Changing a Bowel Diversion Ostomy Appliance Changing an Intravenous Container, Tubing, and Dressing Changing an Occupied Bed Changing an Unoccupied Bed Cleaning a Sutured Wound and Applying a Sterile Dressing Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion Donning a Sterile Gown and Gloves (Closed Method) Donning and Removing Personal Protective Equipment (Gloves, Gown, Mask, Eyewear) Donning and Removing Sterile Gloves (Open Method) Establishing and Maintaining a Sterile Field Hand Washing Implementing Seizure Precautions Initiating and Maintaining a Blood Transfusion Using a Y-Set Inserting a Nasogastric Tube Insertion of an Oropharyngeal Airway Irrigating a Wound Logrolling a Client Managing Gastrointestinal Suction Measuring Oxygen Saturation Mixing Medications Using One Syringe Monitoring an Intravenous Infusion Moving a Client Up in Bed Nursing Interventions for Clients with Endotracheal Tubes Obtaining a Capillary Blood Specimen to Measure Blood Glucose Obtaining a Wound Drainage Specimen for Culture Oropharyngeal, Nasopharyngeal, and Nasotracheal Suctioning Performing Bladder Irrigation Performing Urethral Urinary Catheterization Preparing Medications from Ampules Preparing Medications from Vials Providing a Back Massage Providing Foot Care Providing Hair Care for Clients Providing Perineal-Genital Care Providing Special Oral Care for the Unconscious Client Providing Tracheostomy Care Removing a Nasogastric Tube 448 Removing, Cleaning, and Inserting a Hearing Aid 274 Shampooing the Hair of a Client Confined to Bed 272 Starting an Intravenous Infusion 409 Suctioning a Tracheostomy or Endotracheal Tube 371 Teaching Moving, Leg Exercises, Deep Breathing, and Coughing 641 Terminating a Blood Transfusion 419 Transferring between Bed and Chair 333 Transferring Between Bed and Stretcher 334 Turning a Client to the Lateral or Prone Position in Bed 329 Using a Bed or Chair Exit Safety Monitoring Device 208