From strict EU fiscal rules to growth-supportive policies despite high public debt ratios
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1 From strict EU fiscal rules to growth-supportive policies despite high public debt ratios Pernille Bomholdt Henneberg Senior Analyst / August 2016 Investment Research Important disclosures and certifications are contained from page 10 of this report. 1
2 Growth-supportive fiscal policies despite high public debt Focus is now on counter-cyclical fiscal policy Euro area public debt and deficit ratios are set to continue to decline in but the European Commission expects debt ratios to be below 60% in only five (smaller) of the 19 euro area countries in 2016 (see pages 3-4). Public debt and deficit ratios continue lower The high government debt, particularly in the periphery countries, no longer rules out fiscal policy easing as EU member states and authorities are now paying more attention to counter-cyclical fiscal policy than fiscal sustainability considerations. Based on this, we believe fiscal policy easing is likely to play a bigger role going forward, which should be welcomed under the current climate of central bank fatigue. Source: Eurostat, Danske Bank Markets (forecasts) 2
3 High public debt no longer limits the room for fiscal easing 14 EA countries with public debt above 60% Public deficit above 3% in several countries Source: Eurostat (2015 values), Danske Bank Markets Source: Eurostat (2015 values), Danske Bank Markets 3
4 EU Commission recommends cancelling fines for Spain + Portugal EU fiscal rules are no longer strictly followed Last week, the European Commission recommended cancelling the fines for Spain and Portugal despite their lack of effective action to correct excessive deficits (see press release). Fiscal stance and public debt not correlated Ahead of this, the EU Council had already demonstrated some flexibility in the EU fiscal rules by extending the deadline for correcting the excessive deficit for several countries including France and The Netherlands. The European Commission concluded in its latest economic forecasts the projected fiscal effort is not always related to the level of the debt-to-gdp ratio at the country level ; hence, a country with high public debt should also be able to ease fiscal policy (see Spring 2016 Forecast). Source: European Commission (forecasts), Danske Bank Markets 4
5 Significant fiscal headwind is becoming a small tailwind From large fiscal headwind to small tailwind Small fiscal tailwind in both 2016 and 2017 The fiscal stance in the euro area is set to be growth supportive again in following a period when the euro area was faced with a significant fiscal headwind. The expected fiscal policy easing measures in 2016 include tax cuts and additional government expenditure related to the inflow of asylum seekers in some countries. Across countries, the European Commission projects the fiscal stance to remain counter-cyclical in the majority of countries. Among countries with a projected negative output gap in 2016, an expansionary fiscal policy is expected in 11 countries, while a fiscal tightening is expected in the remaining two (see page 6). Source: European Commission (forecasts), Danske Bank Markets 5
6 Counter-cyclical fiscal stance in the majority of countries Fiscal policy support under large output gap Weak growth is supported by fiscal stance Source: European Commission (forecasts), Danske Bank Markets Source: European Commission (forecasts), Danske Bank Markets 6
7 Could an economic downturn result in significant fiscal easing? Considerable easing depends on Germany Following the UK s decision to leave the EU, the risk of an economic recession in the euro area has increased, which could spark the need for fiscal policy easing not least in light of the overloaded monetary policy. A significant fiscal easing in the euro area depends to a large degree on Germany, as (1) it amounts to 29% of the euro area economy and (2) it is one of the countries with the largest fiscal room, which is not eventually bound to bring down an unsustainable debt. However, from a cyclical point of view, the need for German fiscal easing is modest as reflected in the unemployment rate being below its structural level (see also the output gap and GDP growth charts on page 6). Large German economy with fiscal room Share of euro area GDP, 2015 Public deficit-to-gdp Fiscal room, 2015 Public debt-to-gdp Germany 29.1% 0.7% 71% -0.5% France 21.0% -3.5% 96% -0.1% Italy 15.7% -2.6% 133% -0.7% Spain 10.4% -5.1% 99% -0.2% Netherlands 6.5% -1.8% 65% -0.3% Belgium 3.9% -2.6% 106% -0.4% Austria 3.3% -1.2% 86% -0.5% Ireland 2.5% -2.3% 94% 0.8% Finland 2.0% -2.7% 63% -0.2% Portugal 1.7% -4.4% 129% 1.0% Greece 1.7% -7.2% 177% 3.6% Slovakia 0.8% -3.0% 53% 0.1% Luxembourg 0.5% 1.2% 21% -0.3% Slovenia 0.4% -2.9% 83% 0.0% Lithuania 0.4% -0.2% 43% -1.1% Latvia 0.2% -1.3% 36% 0.0% Estonia 0.2% 0.4% 10% -0.4% Cyprus 0.2% -1.0% 109% -0.8% Malta 0.1% -1.5% 64% 0.4% *Change in cyclically adjusted primary balance (positive figure = tightening, negative figure = easing) Source: European Commission (forecasts), Danske Bank Markets Expected fiscal stance, 2016* 7
8 German population wants to stimulate investments German fiscal policy could be used more The opinion among German politicians seems to be that due to the cyclical situation the need to ease fiscal policy is limited, especially in the current situation where the monetary policy is considered loose. However, the public German opinion is different, as 70% agree that public money should be used to stimulate private sector investment at the EU level. This suggests that German fiscal policy could be used to a larger extent going forward. Nevertheless, we do not believe in a considerable fiscal easing in Germany because of the fear of overheating the economy. Germans want to stimulate EU investments Public money should be used to stimulate private sector investment at EU level Cyprus Malta Germany Slovenia Belgium Latvia Greece Luxembourg Ireland Lithuania Finland Italy Austria Estonia Slovakia Portugal France Netherlands Spain 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Agree Disagree Don't know Source: European Commission Eurobarometer, Danske Bank Markets 8
9 Conclusion High government debt no longer rules out fiscal policy easing, as EU member states and authorities are now paying more attention to counter-cyclical fiscal policy than fiscal sustainability considerations. However, despite room for further fiscal easing in some countries, we still doubt we will see a larger fiscal policy response in a scenario of a severe recessionary shock. Currently, the countries with the largest fiscal room are those that do not need the easing. We believe fiscal policy easing is likely to play a bigger role going forward, which should be welcomed under the current climate of central bank fatigue. A significant fiscal easing in the euro area depends largely on Germany, as it is the largest euro area economy and as it is one of the countries that is not eventually bound to bring down an unsustainable debt. German politicians seem less willing to ease fiscal policy due to the cyclical situation but the public is in favour of spending public money on stimulating private sector investment at the EU level. This suggests that German fiscal policy could be used to a larger extent going forward. Nevertheless, we do not believe in a considerable fiscal easing in Germany because of the current fear of overheating the economy. See also our presentation Unchanged support for the euro before Brexit, but optimism about EU s future is lower, 1 August. 9
10 Disclosures This research report has been prepared by Danske Research, a division of Danske Bank A/S ( Danske Bank ). The author of this research report Pernille Bomholdt Henneberg, Senior Analyst. Analyst certification Each research analyst responsible for the content of this research report certifies that the views expressed in this research report accurately reflect the research analyst s personal view about the financial instruments and issuers covered by the research report. Each responsible research analyst further certifies that no part of the compensation of the research analyst was, is or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations expressed in the research report. Regulation Danske Bank is authorised and subject to regulation by the Danish Financial Supervisory Authority and is subject to the rules and regulation of the relevant regulators in all other jurisdictions where it conducts business. Danske Bank is subject to limited regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority (UK). Details on the extent of the regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority are available from Danske Bank on request. The research reports of Danske Bank are prepared in accordance with the Danish Society of Financial Analysts rules of ethics and the recommendations of the Danish Securities Dealers Association. Conflicts of interest Danske Bank has established procedures to prevent conflicts of interest and to ensure the provision of high-quality research based on research objectivity and independence. These procedures are documented in Danske Bank s research policies. Employees within Danske Bank s Research Departments have been instructed that any request that might impair the objectivity and independence of research shall be referred to Research Management and the Compliance Department. Danske Bank s Research Departments are organised independently from and do not report to other business areas within Danske Bank. Research analysts are remunerated in part based on the overall profitability of Danske Bank, which includes investment banking revenues, but do not receive bonuses or other remuneration linked to specific corporate finance or debt capital transactions. Danske Bank is a market maker and may hold positions in the financial instruments mentioned in this research report. Danske Bank, its affiliates and subsidiaries are engaged in commercial banking, securities underwriting, dealing, trading, brokerage, investment management, investment banking, custody and other financial services activities, may be a lender to the companies mentioned in this publication and have whatever rights are available to a creditor under applicable law and the applicable loan and credit agreements. At any time, Danske Bank, its affiliates and subsidiaries may have credit or other information regarding the companies mentioned in this publication that is not available to or may not be used by the personnel responsible for the preparation of this report, which might affect the analysis and opinions expressed in this research report. See www-2.danskebank.com/link/researchdisclaimer for further disclosures and information. 10
11 General disclaimer This research has been prepared by Danske Bank Markets (a division of Danske Bank A/S). It is provided for informational purposes only. It does not constitute or form part of, and shall under no circumstances be considered as, an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase or sell any relevant financial instruments (i.e. financial instruments mentioned herein or other financial instruments of any issuer mentioned herein and/or options, warrants, rights or other interests with respect to any such financial instruments) ( Relevant Financial Instruments ). The research report has been prepared independently and solely on the basis of publicly available information that Danske Bank considers to be reliable. While reasonable care has been taken to ensure that its contents are not untrue or misleading, no representation is made as to its accuracy or completeness and Danske Bank, its affiliates and subsidiaries accept no liability whatsoever for any direct or consequential loss, including without limitation any loss of profits, arising from reliance on this research report. The opinions expressed herein are the opinions of the research analysts responsible for the research report and reflect their judgement as of the date hereof. These opinions are subject to change and Danske Bank does not undertake to notify any recipient of this research report of any such change nor of any other changes related to the information provided in this research report. This research report is not intended for retail customers in the United Kingdom or the United States. This research report is protected by copyright and is intended solely for the designated addressee. It may not be reproduced or distributed, in whole or in part, by any recipient for any purpose without Danske Bank s prior written consent. Disclaimer related to distribution in the United States This research report is distributed in the United States by Danske Markets Inc., a U.S. registered broker-dealer and subsidiary of Danske Bank, pursuant to SEC Rule 15a-6 and related interpretations issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The research report is intended for distribution in the United States solely to U.S. institutional investors as defined in SEC Rule 15a-6. Danske Markets Inc. accepts responsibility for this research report in connection with distribution in the United States solely to U.S. institutional investors. Danske Bank is not subject to U.S. rules with regard to the preparation of research reports and the independence of research analysts. In addition, the research analysts of Danske Bank who have prepared this research report are not registered or qualified as research analysts with the NYSE or FINRA but satisfy the applicable requirements of a non-u.s. jurisdiction. Any U.S. investor recipient of this research report who wishes to purchase or sell any Relevant Financial Instrument may do so only by contacting Danske Markets Inc. directly and should be aware that investing in non-u.s. financial instruments may entail certain risks. Financial instruments of non-u.s. issuers may not be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and may not be subject to the reporting and auditing standards of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 11
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