Xingye Yu, Deli Li, Liquan Wu Northeast Agricultural University, College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Harbin, , China

Transcription

1 Study on Project Participation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in by Taking the Innovative Entrepreneurship Training Program of as an Example Xingye Yu, Deli Li, Liquan Wu Northeast Agricultural University, College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Harbin, , China Abstract The project of college students innovation and Entrepreneurship Training program, as the undergraduate teaching quality and teaching reform project in China, was implemented since The aim is to promote Chinese universities to change educational ideas, reform talents Training mode, strengthen innovative entrepreneurial ability training, strengthen students ' innovative ability and entrepreneurial ability on the basis of innovation, and cultivate high level innovative talents to meet the needs of the construction of innovative country. At present, the project has been implemented for 5 years, and become an important carrier of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Chinese universities. The article takes college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program as an entry point, combs the existing problems in innovation and entrepreneurship education, analyzes the effect of the project implementation, and investigates the project construction of innovation and entrepreneurship education mode in universities. Key Words: Innovation education; Undergraduate; Training program; Project management; Implementation effect 1.INTRODUCTION In the new era of innovation and development, economic development and social transformation need more comprehensive talents with innovative consciousness, innovative ability, pioneering spirit and entrepreneurial potential. Since the "Twelfth Five-Year",the national government and ministries issued 32 of relevant documents to promote innovation and entrepreneurship development. The Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Higher Education Institutions for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Guo Ban Fa[2015] No.36) clearly states that "deepening the reform of education for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship in higher education institutions is the key to implementing innovation-driven development strategies and promoting economic improvement and quality improvement, it is an important measure to promote the comprehensive reform of higher education and to improve the higher quality entrepreneurial employment of college graduates." In contemporary China, it is more necessary to cultivate the consciousness of innovation and the spirit of entrepreneurship. The innovative Entrepreneurship Training program for college students is beneficial to the transformation of educational ideas, the reform of talents training mode and the improvement of students ' scientific research ability and practical operation ability. In the past 5 years, the research on the Innovation and Entrepreneurship training Program of college students in China has been more and more detailed, and the research focuses on the implementation mode of project organization, existing problems and Countermeasures, project management process, method, implementation effect and evaluation standard, the training of students ' scientific research and innovation ability by project implementation, analysis of the improvement of self-learning ability, the project promotes the reform of teaching methods, analysis on the reform of educational model and talent training mode. At the same time, some scholars have been concerned about the relationship between project participation and innovation and entrepreneurship education, and the research believes that building a project-driven core, in the form of team learning competitions, research and training programs, it plays an important role in strengthening students educational practice, improving the training level of application-oriented talents of college students and teachers innovative entrepreneurship ability. With the national innovation-driven development strategy, the deepening of teaching reform in colleges and universities, the full implementation of "teaching quality project" in universities, the cultivation and promotion of students' innovative and practical abilities become the key contents of teaching and research in universities. Project-oriented practical ability training is also gradually recognized by college educators and managers. College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program reflects project participation, Situational Cognition, cooperative learning, expansion of coverage, transformation of research achievements, and improvement of project education effect, making it an important carrier of innovation and entrepreneurship educational reform. 742

2 2. CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEMS OF INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN CHINA In recent years, the concept and cognition of innovative entrepreneurship education in domestic colleges and universities have been strengthened, and the development of education has made positive progress. It plays an important role in promoting students ' quality improvement, employment of graduates and serving local economic development. The educational reform presents a good situation of more breakthroughs and deeper development. However, due to the short time of the substantive education development, the role of policy impetus is obvious, the development of a series of problems not to be ignored, the focus is embodied in: Consciousness promotion But the discipline localization is vague; the educational system is gradually perfected but still separated from professional education; pay attention to the integration of internal and external resources but synergetic education system mechanism is not sound Awareness-raising but subject-orientation ambiguity In 2015, it was considered the first year of China's innovation and entrepreneurship education. Under the impetus of the national policy, the rapid development of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, so far, 19 universities in China have been selected as the national double creation demonstration base, 200 universities have been identified as a model school for deepening innovation and entrepreneurship education reform, and nearly 500 universities have set up innovative entrepreneurship colleges. At the same time, 2017 issued 92 undergraduate professional teaching national quality standards, innovative entrepreneurship as an important indicator of the quality of talent training. At the same time, in order to highlight the practical characteristics of innovative entrepreneurship education, a large number of innovative personnel space construction to provide students with innovative exploration, entrepreneurship training and practice sites. The promotion of consciousness promotes the process of innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities, however, the subject attribute and the fuzzy orientation of innovation and entrepreneurship education are the bottleneck factors of promoting innovation and entrepreneurship education. mainly reflected in the majority of universities in China did not take it as the mainstream of higher education system, set in the technical economics, management Discipline, in the teaching level and talent training planning, has not really put innovative entrepreneurship education according to discipline planning, has not really understood the innovative entrepreneurship education talent training value The education system gradually perfected but separated from the professional education The innovation and entrepreneurship system in universities is gradually complete, such as innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum gradually realize from curriculum setting to curriculum system, open more than 23,000 courses of entrepreneurship education, and organize and publish the teaching materials of creative and enterprising education nearly 3000 copies; innovative entrepreneurship part-time teachers gradually improve the ranks of more than 26,000 full-time teachers, more than 76,000 part-time tutors, the establishment of a national outstanding innovation and entrepreneurship talent pool; Innovation and entrepreneurial practice has been strengthened, innovation and entrepreneurial practice platform gradually increased, the construction of innovative entrepreneurship education practice platform nearly 14,000, the establishment of more than 10,000 innovation and entrepreneurship organizations, the holding of innovative entrepreneurship forum more than 40,000 times; Innovation and Entrepreneurship protection system set up, arranging innovative entrepreneurship education special funds of about 7.04 billion yuan, to support students innovative entrepreneurship projects more than 260, At the same time, the separation of innovative entrepreneurship education and professional education is still prevalent in universities, and the problem is characterized by the independent setting of innovative entrepreneurship courses and the lack of integration with professional courses. Innovation and entrepreneurship education should take the discipline, the specialized education as the platform, permeate in the education, integrate the innovation entrepreneurship idea, form a systematic teaching system and teaching structure Resource aggregation in and out of school and lack of synergy With the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities in China: the reform of talent training system, the construction of curriculum system, the formation of teachers, flexible credits, the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial space, entrepreneurial nursery and other practical platforms to establish the operation, for the Innovation of entrepreneurship Education, "Cross-border Synergy" lay the foundation. At the same time, universities fully recognize the practical characteristics of innovative entrepreneurship education, in the integration of campus resources, pay attention to the gathering of out-of-school resources, the formation of internal and external resources to promote 1 source: 743

3 the development of innovative entrepreneurship education.theoretically, the theoretical researcher from the initial innovation and entrepreneurship education status and problems, debate and reflection, curriculum system construction, education and educational model research, and gradually special innovation entrepreneurship education Ecology, innovation and entrepreneurship analysis. At the same time of the turning of theoretical research, a few universities in China carried out the international exchange and cooperation of "government, industry and academia" in collaborative education and innovation and entrepreneurship, such as Tsinghua University +, Zhejiang University College of Engineering and so on. However, under the restriction of resource conditions and regional culture, most of the universities in China are still in the policy document stage, and there are few universities that carry out substantial cooperation and educating people. 3. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS QUO OF COLLEGE STUDENTS INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM TRAINING PROJECT The goal of innovative entrepreneurship education is to train high-quality compound talents. As one of the modes of innovative entrepreneurship education, the project participatory Innovation education has been recognized and practiced by universities in recent years. College students can participate in the project team through research, science and technology competitions, practical training and other ways, from the traditional knowledge teaching passive learning to Team independent interactive learning, highlighting the practical characteristics of innovative entrepreneurship education, through the "dry middle school" to enable students to learn knowledge and skills. This article takes the innovative Entrepreneurship Training Program project of university students as the angle of view to study the innovative entrepreneurship education model Increase in project coverage and investment In order to make better statistics on the implementation effect of college students 'innovation and entrepreneurship training program as a carrier for implementing project-based innovation and entrepreneurship education, statistical analysis is made on the basic conditions of the students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program for , The number of projects is expected to increase year by year from The remaining 10,000 items increased to 33,000 items in 2016, with an obvious growth rate in The coverage of the project has increased and the number of participating students increased from 80,000 in 2013 to over 110,000 in 2016; The financial support for the innovation and entrepreneurship program of university students increased their support for the project, and the financial allocation for increased nearly 90 million yuan. With the increase of project coverage, the increase of financial investment reflects that project implementation plays an important role in the improvement of educational ability of innovative entrepreneurship education. The project has gradually become a school to carry out innovative entrepreneurship education, innovative entrepreneurship training and innovative entrepreneurial practices, active campus innovation and entrepreneurial culture atmosphere, to promote innovative entrepreneurial awareness of the important way. At the same time, it has become an important carrier of innovation and education reform in some universities. Table Basic statistics of college students ' innovative Entrepreneurship Training Program Year Number of projects Participating students (Person) Financial allocations (million dollars) Data source: national college students innovation and entrepreneurship training program platform, website: finishing by the author. (The following chart data without special instructions are consistent with the data source in Table 1) 3.2. Widening gap between local subordinate colleges In the data statistics and collation, it is found that there is a big gap between local subordinate universities in the implementation of innovative entrepreneurship training programs for undergraduates. In the National Undergraduate Innovation and entrepreneurship training platform, statistics of 744

4 years of innovation and entrepreneurship training program, the number of local affiliated institutions (see Table 2) years of innovation and entrepreneurship training program in affiliated institutions and local universities (see Table 3). From table 2, we can see that in the 4 years, the number of affiliated institutions carrying out innovative entrepreneurship training programs in China has remained stable, while the local universities have increased by more than 200. Table college students undertaking innovation and entrepreneurship training program The number of local institutions and affiliated institutions Statistics Year Subordinate According to the data in Table 3 and Table 4, under the circumstances that the overall coverage of the innovation and entrepreneurship training programs for undergraduates in China is increasing and the input is increasing, and entrepreneurship training program projects of the subordinate universities and local institutions in the number of project, financial allocations, participation in the number of significant differences between. Table 4 shows that the average number of projects established by subordinate institutions is compared with the average number of projects established by local institutions, from 3.48 times to times in 2013 to 4.29 Times times 2016; table 4 data show that the average number of projects in subordinate colleges is increased from 3.48 times in 2013 to 4.29 times in 2016, compared with the average number of projects in local colleges; The support of the average financial appropriation was expanded from 3.52 times in 2013 to 4.37 times in 2016; the average number of students participating in institutions expanded from 3.52 times in 2013 to 5.16 times in This shows that the overall development of innovative entrepreneurship training program is better, but the number of universities, financial support, student participation in the gap between the increase. Table subordinate local institutions of innovation and entrepreneurship training program to carry out the project Financial allocation (ten Participating students The number of projects thousand yuan) (Person) Year Subordinate Subordinate Subordinate colleges and Table Carrying out the innovation and entrepreneurship training programs for undergraduates Comparison table between local subordinate universities The number of projects Financial allocation (Grant million / institution) Participating students (Person / institution) Year Subordinate Subordinate Subordinate

5 3.3. The project training system is perfect, the implementation effect is prominent In recent years, universities through the implementation of innovative entrepreneurship training program for students to further strengthen the practice of innovative entrepreneurship training, to enhance students ' innovative ability and entrepreneurial ability on the basis of innovation. Taking Heilongjiang province as an example, there are three main types of project organization: First, the establishment of a sound national, provincial and school three-level project construction system, such as Harbin University of Commerce has developed the province's number one innovative entrepreneurship training program Project management Information System, to achieve the whole process of Project real-time management and monitoring; The second is to set up a training program related to innovation and entrepreneurship independently, such as Harbin University of Technology since 2011 to implement the "project-based Learning" program, the development of students ' comprehensive innovation ability, in the undergraduate teaching system, the development of a column record students innovation and entrepreneurship work process, standardize supervision, strict management of student innovation and entrepreneurship work; Third, actively create conditions to encourage students to participate in innovation and entrepreneurship training, for example, Harbin Railway Vocational and Technical College has invested 9,220,800 yuan since 2015, at the same time strive for corporate funds 861,000 yuan for innovation and entrepreneurship project competition, education and teaching, base construction, personalized guidance, project funding and so on, establish the corresponding reward system, set up a single innovation scholarship, 546 scholarships, a total amount of yuan. 4. THE CONSTRUCTION OF INNOVATIVE AND PIONEERING EDUCATION MODE IN UNIVERSITIES WITH PROJECT PARTICIPATION The innovation and entrepreneurship education aiming at the cultivation of innovative spirit, entrepreneurial awareness and innovation and entrepreneurship is a general and systematic education and teaching reform project, is laid on the basis of quality education in the organic composition of professional education, is a major shift in the traditional personnel training model, that is, from the mode of training for exam-oriented education to that of quality-oriented education, shifting from the training mode of employment education to the training mode of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Establish a model of innovation and entrepreneurship education and education in universities to participate in the project, cultivate students' innovative awareness and entrepreneurial spirit Establishing discipline attributes and integrating professional education It is the core and precondition of the project to participate in the innovation and entrepreneurship education to establish the subject attribute. Innovative entrepreneurship education, especially entrepreneurship education after more than 60 years of theoretical research and practical exploration, planning a clearer field of study, education direction and training objectives, with a professional doctorate, Master's degree and undergraduate courses, and the emergence of a sign of the discipline attributes of professional associations, such as the Ministry of Education, Innovation and entrepreneurship Educational Steering Committee, mainly responsible for the relevant teaching materials, curriculum construction, teacher training, experience exchange, results sharing. At the same time, to promote the development of innovative entrepreneurship education, but also set up a branch of innovation and entrepreneurship education, which embodies the innovative entrepreneurial education of the subject attributes. Therefore, we should pay attention to the subject attribute in the innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities, and design the education direction and training goal. The Innovative Entrepreneurship Training program project is guided by the project and the training and practice of innovative entrepreneurship is carried out in the form of groups. According to the implementation requirements of the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training program, the planning project is the important carrier of the reform of the school's talent-training model, Set up in charge of the leadership of teaching and school, the school's educational, scientific research, industry, academic, youth league, and other departments to participate in coordinating organizational bodies, at the same time, the establishment of supporting policies and feasible management methods, as an elective course, into the undergraduate teaching management system. As a carrier and platform of innovation and entrepreneurship education, training and practice, college students ' innovation and Entrepreneurship training program has some problems with the integration of professional education, to this end, in the face of interdisciplinary, academic, professional project team, enhance the project research results, give full play to the advantages of project participatory education model, it is necessary to integrate the project training into the professional education, attach importance to the construction of the tutor team, and take the project as the implementation path of the specialized educational reform Perfecting Service platform and establishing comprehensive evaluation mechanism 746

6 Perfecting the service platform, establishing the evaluation mechanism is the important guarantee to promote the project participation in innovation and entrepreneurship education. First, we should pay attention to the conditions of the implementation of the Innovative Entrepreneurship Training program: The experimental Teaching Center, the laboratory for the project participation team to provide free experimental venues, experimental equipment; Second, the university students Science and Technology parks, incubators and other training, practical places to actively undertake the innovative entrepreneurship training program for students the necessary technology, site, policy and incubation services; Third, the establishment of innovative entrepreneurship training program project Exchange platform for the project to provide results display, resource sharing opportunities; Four, to build a diversified funding system, incentive projects to carry out support funds, project results to transform, enhance the competitiveness of the project. Establish standardized project evaluation indicators and tracking system. In the assessment, not only focus on the final results of the project, in the assessment of the process indicators to consider, the project results oriented to the process guidance to the "double-oriented" comprehensive consideration, follow up the implementation of the project to give professional advice, to promote the project better operation. After the study of the project process, it is necessary to follow up the later period of the project, continue to pay attention to the project and the later management system. To provide policy guidance, site support, technical guidance, and actively promote the implementation of practical operation of the project to carry out the market, promote innovative entrepreneurship projects to be more effective implementation Pooling of internal and external resources to form cooperative educational ecology The integration of internal and external resources, the formation of cooperative education ecology is to promote the project to participate in innovation and entrepreneurship. College students ' innovative Entrepreneurship training program projects more prominent practical characteristics of the project, based on the project, in the project development needs to converge the internal and external resources, the government agencies, industry enterprises, universities other advantageous resources to integrate, innovation institutional mechanisms, According to the interest distribution and game theory, to construct the optimization system of the university Students ' innovation and entrepreneurship training program based on the school-led and industry-oriented resource sharing. Establish a resource synergy mechanism, such as universities to give full play to their own theoretical research, scientific research and technology advantages, the industry through the provision of practical platform to stimulate students ' industry learning, innovation and entrepreneurship, the Government through the provision of policies, laws and regulations, to stimulate and integrate the inflow and investment of various advantageous resources, to promote the integration of science and education, and improve the ability to optimize the allocation and acquisition of resources. College students ' innovative Entrepreneurship training program as an important way to cultivate students ' creative ability the government, the industry and the universities should form the cooperative education ecology, stimulate the external factors of the respective subjects, and create the educational atmosphere of synergy, openness, equality and cooperation. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper was supported byheilongjiang Province Education Science "Thirteen Five" planning project "innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities into the personnel training system practice and exploration" (Project number: GJC ); Heilongjiang Province Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Project "University Venture Innovation Service Platform Construction" (Project number: 17GLE286); Heilongjiang Province Education Science Planning Key Project "Heilongjiang Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship Curriculum System Construction and Implementation Path" (Project number: GBB ); Heilongjiang Province, higher education teaching reform major commissioned project "college innovation and entrepreneurship practice base construction and evaluation mechanism" (Project number: SJGZ ),periodic research results. 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