Table of Contents Introduction... 2

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2 Snapshot Missouri: A National Comparison Report Table of Contents Introduction... 2 Economy 3 Median Household Income Unemployment Rate Job Growth Rate Cigarette Tax per Pack State Competitiveness Social Well-being... 9 State Tax Burden as a Percentage of Personal Income Percent of Population in Poverty Percent of Children in Poverty Health...13 Percent of Population that are Adult Smokers Percent of Population that is Overweight or Obese Percent of Live Births to Mothers 15 to 19 Years Old Percent of Population without Health Insurance Percent of Population Using Seat Belts Education Elementary and Secondary th Grade NAEP Reading Scores th Grade NAEP Math Scores th Grade NAEP Reading Scores th Grade NAEP Math Scores A Scores High School Dropout Rate Education Higher Percent of Population Age 25 and Older High School Graduate or Higher Percent of Population Age 25 and Older Bachelor s Degree or Higher Government Finance. 29 State Tax Revenue 21 (in billions of dollars)... 3 Local Government Tax Revenue Transportation...32 State Gas Tax in Cents Percent of Roads in Mediocre or Poor Condition Percent of Bridges Structurally Deficient or Functionally Obsolete Average Travel Time to Work in Minutes Fatalities in Alcohol-Related Crashes Crime and Punishment. 38 Violent Crime Rate per 1, Inhabitants Property Crime Rate per 1, Inhabitants Prisoners in State Correctional Institutions Civic Engagement. 42 Voter Turnout Rate General Election Volunteer Rate Environment from Fossil Fuel Toxic Releases Total Pollution Released Toxic Releases Total Air Emissions Gasoline Consumption Missouri Legislative Academy

3 Missouri Performance Indicators: A National Comparison 212 Report Introduction Governments at all levels have changed significantly in the last 25 years in response to evolving ideas about efficiency and performance, questions about government s role in providing services, higher citizen expectations about government, coupled with tighter budgets. The importance of these ideas was highlighted by the book, Reinventing Government, 1 published in 1992, and the Clinton-era initiatives such as the National Performance review, and the Government Performance and Accountability Act of These developments coincided with a re-examination of the programs, roles and responsibilities of state and local governments. The initiatives took different forms, depending on the culture and unique needs of states and communities. In Missouri, Governor Carnahan (1993-2) initiated a review of state government when he created the Commission on Management and Productivity and charged it with improving government efficiency and productivity and making service to the public, rather than bureaucratic activity, the measure of program success. 2 This review led to restructuring of government, the adoption of measures to improve and streamline governmental activities, the use of performance measures in budgeting to focus attention on service quality, and the initiation of e- government in the state. These initiatives led some city and state governments to take a broader approach to assessing performance by developing indicators of the well-being of the city or state as a whole. This approach enables citizens to look beyond discrete measures of government performance to the impact of governmental policies on the community as a whole. Typical indicators include economic activity, income and tax levels, as well as measures of social and economic conditions. Missouri does not have a formal structure for identifying appropriate benchmarks or for assessing progress over time. This report is designed to fill that gap. It is the fourth report prepared by the Institute of Public Policy; the first three where published in cooperation with Missouri state auditors Susan Montee and Thomas Schweich. Most Missourians probably think that their state ranks somewhere near the middle among all states, regardless of the measure used; they are correct. Of the 37 measures examined here, Missouri ranked in the top 25 percent of states (top 12) on only 2 measures and it ranked in the bottom 25 percent (38 or higher) on only 5 measures. However, it is important to note that ranking in the top 25 percent or bottom 25 percent may be indicative of either a positive or negative state measure. Five of the seven rankings do not reflect well on the state, and the remaining rankings may be viewed as positive or negative, depending on one s philosophical perspective. Missouri s highest and lowest rankings are: Missouri s Highest Ranking Missouri s Lowest Ranking Rank Item Rank Item 11 Percent of Population that are Adult Smokers 51 Cigarette Tax per Pack 12 Fatalities in Alcohol Related Crashes 5 Job Growth Rate 46 Percentage of Population Using Seatbelts 44 State Gas Tax in Cents 44 State Tax Burden as a Percentage of Personal Income 1 Osborne, David and Ted Gaebler. Reinventing Government. Reading, : Addison-Wesley. 2 Lori Strong-Goeke. Accessed at Missouri Legislative Academy 2

4 Economy Missouri Legislative Academy 3

5 Median Household Income: 21 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Rank State Income Rank State Income Rank State Income 1 New Hampshire 66,77 2 Nevada 51, New Mexico 45,98 2 Connecticut 66, North Dakota 51,38 39 Florida 44,243 3 Maryland 64,25 22 Illinois 5,761 4 Georgia 44,18 4 New Jersey 63,54 23 Oregon 5, North Carolina 43,753 5 Massachusetts 61, Wisconsin 5, Oklahoma 43,4 6 Colorado 6, New York 49, West Virginia 42,839 7 Virginia 6,363 United States 49, South Carolina 41,79 8 Hawaii 58,57 26 Iowa 49, Montana 41,467 9 Alaska 58, Pennsylvania 48,46 46 Kentucky 41,236 1 Utah 56, Maine 48, Alabama 4, Washington 56, Texas 47, Louisiana 39, Vermont 55,942 3 Arizona 47, Tennessee 38, District of Columbia 55, Idaho 47,14 5 Arkansas 38, Delaware 55, Michigan 46, Mississippi 37, California 54, Indiana 46, Nebraska 52, Kansas 46,229 Year Rank Income 17 Minnesota 52, Missouri 46, ,38 18 Wyoming 52, Ohio 46, , Rhode Island 51, South Dakota 45, ,148 Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 4

6 Unemployment Rate: Rank State Rate Rank State Rate Rank State Rate 1 Nevada 13.6 United States New Mexico California Connecticut Maryland Rhode Island Ohio Kansas Florida Missouri Minnesota Michigan Indiana Hawaii Mississippi Colorado Virginia South Carolina West Virginia Iowa District of Columbia Texas Wyoming Georgia Delaware Oklahoma North Carolina New York Vermont Kentucky Arkansas New Hampshire Oregon Pennsylvania South Dakota Tennessee Massachusetts Nebraska Alabama Louisiana North Dakota Illinois Wisconsin New Jersey Alaska 7.48 Year Rank Rate 17 Idaho Maine Arizona Montana Washington Utah Source: bls.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 5

7 WS Job Growth Rate: 29 Rank State Rate Rank State Rate Rank State Rate 1 District of Columbia Delaware.2 34 Washington New Hampshire Louisiana.2 39 South Carolina North Dakota Kansas. 39 Tennessee South Dakota Michigan. 41 Colorado Vermont Connecticut Oklahoma Texas.9 24 Illinois Montana Kentucky.8 24 Maryland Alabama Alaska.7 United States Ohio Nebraska.7 27 Indiana California Wisconsin.7 28 Arkansas New Mexico Hawaii.6 28 Virginia Florida Massachusetts.6 3 New York New Jersey Wyoming.6 31 North Carolina Missouri Maine.5 32 Idaho Nevada Iowa.4 32 Utah Pennsylvania.4 34 Georgia -.9 Year Rank Rate 17 Arizona.3 34 Mississippi Minnesota.3 34 Oregon West Virginia.3 34 Rhode Island Source: Morgan, K. O., & Morgan, S. 29; 21; 211 Missouri Legislative Academy 6

8 5. Cigarette Tax per Pack: Rank State Tax Rank State Tax Rank State Tax 1 New York Delaware Nebraska.64 2 Rhode Island Pennsylvania Tennessee.62 3 Connecticut Minnesota Kentucky.6 4 Hawaii South Dakota Wyoming.6 5 Washington Texas Idaho.57 6 New Jersey Iowa South Carolina.57 7 Vermont Florida West Virginia.55 8 Wisconsin Ohio North Carolina.45 9 Massachusetts Oregon North Dakota.44 1 District of Columbia Arkansas Alabama Alaska 2. 3 Oklahoma Georgia Arizona 2. United States Louisiana Maine Indiana 1. 5 Virginia.3 11 Maryland Illinois Missouri Michigan California Montana Colorado Utah Nevada.8 18 New Hampshire Kansas New Mexico Mississippi.68 Source: tobaccofreekids.org Missouri Legislative Academy 7

9 State Competitiveness: 211 Rank State Rank State Rank State 1 Virginia 2 Washington 39 Connecticut 2 Texas 21 Wyoming 4 Maine 3 North Carolina 22 Illinois 41 Alabama 4 Georgia 23 Ohio 42 Louisiana 5 Colorado 24 Arizona 43 New Mexico 6 Massachusetts 25 Wisconsin 44 Vermont 7 Minnesota 26 New York 45 Nevada 8 Utah 27 Oregon 46 West Virginia 9 Iowa 28 Oklahoma 47 Mississippi 1 Nebraska 29 Maryland 48 Hawaii 11 Kansas 3 New Jersey 49 Alaska 12 Pennsylvania 31 Idaho 5 Rhode Island 13 North Dakota 32 California 13 South Dakota 32 Arkansas 15 Indiana 34 Michigan 16 Missouri 35 Kentucky 17 New Hampshire 36 Delaware 18 Florida 37 South Carolina 18 Tennessee 38 Montana Source: cnbc.com Missouri Legislative Academy 8

10 Social Well-being Missouri Legislative Academy 9

11 State Tax Burden as a Percentage of Personal Income: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Alaska Indiana Alabama Vermont Montana Louisiana North Dakota 1 22 Massachusetts Tennessee Hawaii Iowa 6 41 Virginia Wyoming Idaho 6 41 Arizona West Virginia 8 23 Pennsylvania 6 43 South Carolina Delaware New Jersey 6 44 Missouri Minnesota Rhode Island Georgia Arkansas Kansas Florida Maine Nevada South Dakota New York 7 3 Ohio Texas Mississippi 7 United States Colorado Kentucky Utah New Hampshire Wisconsin Washington California Maryland Michigan Illinois New Mexico Oregon 5.4 Year Rank Percent 16 North Carolina Nebraska Connecticut Oklahoma Source: taxadmin.org Missouri Legislative Academy 1

12 25 Percent of Population in Poverty: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Mississippi Oregon Nebraska New Mexico Idaho Vermont District of Columbia 19.2 United States Iowa Alabama Indiana Delaware Kentucky Missouri Minnesota Arkansas Nevada Massachusetts Louisiana New York Wyoming South Carolina Montana Virginia West Virginia South Dakota Hawaii Georgia Rhode Island New Jersey Texas Illinois Connecticut Tennessee Kansas Alaska North Carolina Colorado Maryland Arizona Pennsylvania New Hampshire Oklahoma Washington Michigan Utah 13.2 Year Rank Percent 17 Florida Wisconsin California North Dakota Ohio Maine Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 11

13 Percent of Children in Poverty: 21 Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Mississippi Nevada Iowa District of Columbia Indiana Vermont New Mexico 29.7 United States North Dakota Alabama New York Utah Arkansas Oregon Minnesota Louisiana Missouri New Jersey Kentucky Montana Virginia South Carolina Illinois Wyoming Texas Pennsylvania Massachusetts Tennessee Rhode Island Hawaii West Virginia Wisconsin Connecticut Georgia Idaho Maryland North Carolina Kansas Alaska Oklahoma Delaware New Hampshire Arizona Nebraska Florida Washington 17.7 Year Rank Percent 17 Michigan Maine Ohio South Dakota California Colorado Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 12

14 Health Missouri Legislative Academy 13

15 3 Percent of Population that are Adult Smokers: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 West Virginia New Mexico New York Kentucky Virginia South Dakota Oklahoma Pennsylvania Vermont Arkansas Maine Maryland Mississippi Georgia Washington Ohio North Dakota Oregon Louisiana Delaware Arizona Alabama 21.9 United States Minnesota Nevada Nebraska Hawaii Indiana Florida New Jersey Missouri Kansas Massachusetts South Carolina Illinois Connecticut Alaska New Hampshire California Tennessee Iowa Utah North Carolina Colorado Wyoming Texas 15.8 Year Rank Percent 17 Wisconsin Idaho Michigan Rhode Island Montana District of Columbia Source: nccd.cdc.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 14

16 Percent of Population that is Overweight or Obese:* 21 Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Alabama 7 18 Georgia New Jersey Mississippi North Carolina New York West Virginia Florida 65 4 Montana Tennessee Arizona Virginia Kentucky Nebraska Oregon South Carolina North Dakota New Mexico Oklahoma Kansas Connecticut Arkansas Delaware Nevada Michigan Wyoming Massachusetts Texas Main Vermont Indiana 66.4 United States Utah Louisiana Wisconsin Colorado Iowa Rhode Island Hawaii Maryland Illinois District of Columbia Alaska Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire 63.1 Year Rank Percent 16 Pennsylvania Idaho Ohio Washington South Dakota California Source: cdc.gov *Overweight and obesity are both labels for ranges of weight that are greater than what is generally considered healthy for a given height. The terms also identify ranges of weight that have been shown to increase the likelihood of certain diseases and other health problems. Missouri Legislative Academy 15

17 2 Percent of Live Births to Mothers 15 to 19 Years Old: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Mississippi Nevada Wisconsin New Mexico Kansas Hawaii Arkansas Montana Virginia Oklahoma Florida Maine Louisiana United States Washington Texas Delaware North Dakota Alabama Alaska Vermont South Carolina Michigan New York Kentucky Illinois Connecticut Tennessee Colorado Minnesota West Virginia California Utah Arizona Rhode Island New Hampshire District of Columbia South Dakota New Jersey Georgia Pennsylvania Massachusetts North Carolina Oregon Missouri Idaho Wyoming Iowa 8.93 Year Rank Percent 18 Ohio Maryland Indiana Nebraska Source: cdc.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 16

18 3 Percent of Population without Health Insurance: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Texas Tennessee Michigan New Mexico West Virginia Ohio Louisiana New Jersey Delaware Florida New York Maine Alaska Oklahoma New Hampshire Arizona Wyoming Connecticut 1. 7 Nevada Utah District of Columbia 1. 8 California Illinois Pennsylvania Mississippi Missouri Wisconsin Arkansas South Dakota Iowa Georgia Virginia Vermont Oregon Washington Minnesota Montana Indiana Hawaii Kentucky Kansas Massachusetts Colorado Maryland South Carolina Alabama Idaho Nebraska 11.9 Year Rank Percent 18 North Carolina North Dakota United States Rhode Island Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 17

19 1 Percent of Population Using Seat Belts: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Hawaii Georgia Virginia Washington Utah Kentucky Oregon Connecticut Wisconsin California Florida Montana Michigan Tennessee Wyoming Maryland Alaska Arkansas Texas Pennsylvania Rhode Island 78 8 New Jersey Oklahoma Idaho Nevada South Carolina Missouri 76 1 Iowa Vermont Louisiana Illinois 92.6 United States North Dakota Indiana Nebraska South Dakota District of Columbia Ohio Massachusetts Minnesota Colorado New Hampshire Alabama West Virginia Delaware Maine 82 Year Rank Percent 17 New Mexico Arizona New York Kansas North Carolina Mississippi Source: nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 18

20 Education Elementary and Secondary Missouri Legislative Academy 19

21 24 4th Grade NAEP* Reading Scores: Rank State Score Rank State Score Rank State Score 1 Massachusetts Minnesota Tennessee Vermont Indiana South Carolina New Jersey Wyoming Arkansas New Hampshire Nebraska Alabama Connecticut Rhode Island West Virginia Virginia South Dakota Alaska North Dakota Idaho Hawaii Maryland Iowa Nevada Colorado Washington Mississippi Delaware 226 United States Arizona 21 7 Florida Wisconsin California 21 7 Kentucky Texas New Mexico Montana North Carolina Louisiana Ohio Utah District of Columbia Kansas Illinois Pennsylvania Oregon Maine Michigan 218 Year Rank Score 15 Missouri Georgia New York Oklahoma Source: nationsreportcard.gov *NAEP = National Assessment of Educational Progress Missouri Legislative Academy 2

22 26 4th Grade NAEP* Math Scores: Rank State Score Rank State Score Rank State Score 1 Massachusetts Wyoming Michigan New Hampshire Washington Hawaii Minnesota South Dakota South Carolina Vermont Florida Georgia New Jersey Idaho Nevada North Dakota Missouri West Virginia Kansas New York California Connecticut Utah Tennessee North Carolina Texas New Mexico 23 9 Wisconsin Delaware Arizona 23 9 Montana Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Nebraska Alabama Ohio Rhode Island Mississippi Maine 244 United States District of Columbia Pennsylvania Arkansas Iowa Illinois Virginia Oregon 238 Year Rank Score 16 Colorado Alaska Indiana Oklahoma Source: nationsreportcard.gov *NAEP = National Assessment of Educational Progress Missouri Legislative Academy 21

23 28 8th Grade NAEP* Reading Scores: Rank State Score Rank State Score Rank State Score 1 Massachusetts Virginia Oklahoma 26 2 New Jersey Colorado Alaska Vermont Indiana Arkansas Connecticut Wisconsin Arizona New Hampshire Utah South Carolina Pennsylvania Delaware Alabama Montana Idaho West Virginia Minnesota Iowa Hawaii South Dakota Illinois Nevada North Dakota Oregon New Mexico Ohio Florida California Maine New York Louisiana Wyoming Michigan Mississippi Kansas 267 United States District of Columbia Kentucky Tennessee Maryland Rhode Island Missouri Texas 26 Year Rank Score 14 Nebraska North Carolina Washington Georgia Source: nationsreportcard.gov *NAEP = National Assessment of Educational Progress Missouri Legislative Academy 22

24 8th Grade NAEP* Math Scores: Rank State Score Rank State Score Rank State Score 1 Massachusetts Missouri Georgia Minnesota Ohio Arizona Vermont Virginia Arkansas New Jersey Wyoming Oklahoma North Dakota Oregon Tennessee New Hampshire North Carolina Hawaii Montana Iowa Nevada South Dakota Utah Louisiana Kansas Delaware West Virginia 27 9 Connecticut Nebraska California 27 9 Washington New York New Mexico Wisconsin Alaska Alabama Maryland Illinois Mississippi Pennsylvania 288 United States District of Columbia Colorado South Carolina Indiana Florida Idaho Kentucky 279 Year Rank Score 15 Texas Rhode Island Maine Michigan Source: nationsreportcard.gov *NAEP = National Assessment of Educational Progress Missouri Legislative Academy 23

25 3 A* Scores: Rank State Score Rank State Score Rank State Score 1 Massachusetts Nebraska West Virginia Connecticut Kansas Alabama New Hampshire North Carolina Wyoming New York Ohio Louisiana Maine South Dakota South Carolina New Jersey Utah District of Columbia 2 7 Rhode Island Idaho Michigan 2 8 Minnesota Missouri Arkansas Washington Oregon New Mexico Vermont Nevada Arizona Delaware Hawaii Florida Indiana Alaska Kentucky Iowa 22.3 United States Tennessee Pennsylvania Illinois Mississippi Virginia Texas Wisconsin Colorado 2.7 Year Rank Score 17 California North Dakota Maryland Oklahoma Montana Georgia Source: act.org *The A (American College Testing program) is a national college admissions examination that consists of subject area tests. Missouri Legislative Academy 24

26 High School Dropout Rate:* 27 Rank State Rate Rank State Rate Rank State Rate 1 Louisiana Mississippi Kentucky Alaska Maine Minnesota Arizona West Virginia Virginia Colorado Georgia Pennsylvania Michigan Ohio Kansas Delaware Utah Nebraska Washington 5.7 United States North Dakota District of Columbia Texas South Dakota Hawaii New York Wisconsin Rhode Island South Carolina Alabama Illinois Tennessee Idaho Montana Oregon Indiana New Mexico Maryland New Jersey North Carolina Massachusetts 3.4 Vermont ---** 15 Nevada Florida California Oklahoma Wyoming New Hampshire 3. Year Rank Percent 18 Missouri Iowa Arkansas Connecticut Source: nces.ed.gov *High school dropout rates measure the percentage of public school students in grades 9 through 12 who dropped out of school between one October and the next. ** Data not available. Missouri Legislative Academy 25

27 Education Higher Missouri Legislative Academy 26

28 95 Percent of Population Age 25 and Older - High School Graduate or Higher: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 Wyoming Connecticut Arizona Minnesota Idaho Georgia Alaska Maryland Nevada New Hampshire Michigan South Carolina Vermont Pennsylvania Tennessee Montana Ohio New Mexico Iowa Delaware West Virginia Hawaii New Jersey Arkansas Utah District of Columbia Louisiana Maine Missouri Alabama North Dakota Indiana Kentucky South Dakota Virginia California Nebraska Illinois Mississippi Wisconsin Oklahoma Texas Kansas Florida Washington 89.7 United States Colorado New York 84.7 Year Rank Percent 18 Oregon Rhode Island Massachusetts North Carolina Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 27

29 6 Percent of Population Age 25 and Older - Bachelor's Degree or Higher: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 District of Columbia Utah South Carolina Massachusetts 38.2 United States Ohio Colorado Georgia Idaho Maryland Montana Wyoming Connecticut Nebraska Tennessee New Jersey Maine Oklahoma Virginia Alaska Indiana Vermont North Carolina Alabama New York Pennsylvania Nevada New Hampshire North Dakota Louisiana Minnesota Wisconsin Kentucky Washington Arizona Mississippi Illinois Texas Arkansas Rhode Island Florida West Virginia California New Mexico Hawaii Missouri Kansas Iowa 25.1 Year Rank Percent 18 Oregon South Dakota Delaware Michigan Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 28

30 Government Finance Missouri Legislative Academy 29

31 12,, State Tax Revenue: 21 1,, 8,, 6,, 4,, 2,, Rank State Revenue Rank State Revenue Rank State Revenue 1 California 14,84,52 2 Tennessee 1,513, New Mexico 4,413,988 2 New York 63,529, Arizona 1,199,338 4 Nebraska 3,89,266 3 Texas 39,399, Missouri 9,78, Maine 3,489,953 4 Florida 31,498, Kentucky 9,531,18 42 Idaho 2,951,73 5 Pennsylvania 3,169, Louisiana 8,757, Delaware 2,769,731 6 Illinois 27,511, Colorado 8,586,41 44 North Dakota 2,645,695 7 New Jersey 25,927, Alabama 8,185, Rhode Island 2,568,851 8 Ohio 23,583, South Carolina 7,312, Vermont 2,511,387 9 Michigan 22,25,87 28 Oregon 7,289, Montana 2,142,89 1 North Carolina 21,517, Arkansas 7,279, New Hampshire 2,124, Massachusetts 2,5,292 3 Oklahoma 7,79, Wyoming 2,117,1 12 Minnesota 17,28, Iowa 6,89,344 5 South Dakota 1,34, Virginia 16,411,55 32 Kansas 6,492,996 United States 72,221, Washington 16,16, Mississippi 6,268,84 15 Maryland 15,223, Nevada 5,835, Georgia 14,782, Utah 5,92,415 Year Rank Revenue 17 Wisconsin 14,368, Hawaii 4,837, ,919, Indiana 13,796, West Virginia 4,655, ,32, Connecticut 12,285, Alaska 4,517, ,78,463 Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 3

32 Local Government Tax Revenue: 29 8,, 7,, 6,, 5,, 4,, 3,, 2,, 1,, Rank State Revenue Rank State Revenue Rank State Revenue 1 New York 7,738,463 2 Connecticut 8,932,33 39 New Mexico 2,169,63 2 California 68,586, Missouri 8,917,23 4 Maine 2,162,475 3 Texas 44,452,73 22 Tennessee 7,453,71 41 Arkansas 1,957,749 4 Florida 36,539, Louisiana 7,275, Hawaii 1,676,81 5 Illinois 27,48,61 24 Minnesota 6,862, West Virginia 1,619,16 6 New Jersey 23,733, South Carolina 5,45, Alaska 1,42,98 7 Pennsylvania 21,847,88 26 Oregon 5,358, Idaho 1,348,884 8 Ohio 19,998, Alabama 5,42, Wyoming 1,281,154 9 Georgia 15,431, District of Columbia 5,13,75 47 South Dakota 1,22,972 1 Virginia 14,856, Iowa 4,97, Montana 1,8, Michigan 13,156,37 3 Kansas 4,776, North Dakota 899,55 12 Massachusetts 12,571, Nevada 4,521,169 5 Delaware 788,4 13 Maryland 11,691, Kentucky 4,118, Vermont 398, North Carolina 11,132, Oklahoma 4,48,853 United States 555,859, Washington 1,573, Nebraska 3,351,63 16 Colorado 1,65,64 35 Utah 3,36,118 Year Rank Revenue 17 Wisconsin 9,677, New Hampshire 2,861, ,411, Arizona 9,511,8 37 Mississippi 2,528, ,773, Indiana 8,974, Rhode Island 2,179, ,917,23 Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 31

33 Transportation Missouri Legislative Academy 32

34 State Gas Tax in Cents: 212 Rank State Tax Rank State Tax Rank State Tax 1 California Kansas New Mexico North Carolina South Dakota Mississippi Washington Nevada United States West Virginia District of Columbia Alabama Rhode Island Maryland Indiana Wisconsin Delaware Virginia Pennsylvania North Dakota Missouri Maine Colorado Hawaii Oregon Iowa Oklahoma Minnesota Arkansas South Carolina Ohio Tennessee Florida Kentucky Massachusetts New Jersey Nebraska Georgia Wyoming Montana Illinois Alaska Vermont Louisiana Idaho Texas 2. Year Rank Gas Tax 17 New York New Hampshire Connecticut Arizona Utah Michigan Source: taxadmin.org Missouri Legislative Academy 33

35 12 Percent of Roads in Mediocre or Poor Condition: Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 District of Columbia Maine Alabama New Jersey New Hampshire North Dakota Hawaii Mississippi North Carolina California South Dakota Wyoming Vermont United States Oregon Idaho Wisconsin Virginia Maryland Illinois Utah Kansas Iowa Georgia Alaska Delaware Tennessee Oklahoma Connecticut Minnesota West Virginia Massachusetts Montana New Mexico South Carolina Ohio Rhode Island Washington Florida Louisiana Texas Kentucky Missouri Colorado Pennsylvania Indiana New York Arizona 1.25 Year Rank Percent 18 Arkansas Nebraska Michigan Nevada Source: bts.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 34

36 Percent of Bridges Structurally Deficient or Functionally Obsolete: 21 Rank State Percent Rank State Percent Rank State Percent 1 District of Columbia Maryland Idaho Rhode Island Washington Delaware Massachusetts Virginia Georgia Hawaii Michigan Texas Pennsylvania Alaska Montana New York Nebraska New Mexico West Virginia South Dakota Colorado New Jersey United States Florida Connecticut Mississippi Illinois Maine Ohio Utah Vermont Alabama Wisconsin Kentucky Oregon Arizona New Hampshire Arkansas Nevada Missouri Wyoming Minnesota California Indiana Oklahoma South Carolina Year Rank Percent 17 Louisiana North Dakota North Carolina Tennessee Iowa Kansas Source: bts.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 35

37 Average Travel Time to Work in Minutes: 21 Rank State Minutes Rank State Minutes Rank State Minutes 1 Maryland Arizona Vermont New York Colorado Wisconsin New Jersey Delaware Arkansas District of Columbia Alabama Utah Texas Tennessee Oklahoma Illinois Michigan Idaho Massachusetts Mississippi Iowa Virginia South Carolina Kansas Georgia North Carolina Alaska California Maine Montana New Hampshire Nevada Nebraska Pennsylvania Indiana Wyoming West Virginia Missouri South Dakota Florida Minnesota North Dakota Hawaii Rhode Island 22.9 United States Ohio 22.8 Year Rank Minutes 16 Washington Kentucky Louisiana New Mexico Connecticut Oregon Source: census.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 36

38 Fatalities in Alcohol-Related Crashes: 29 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, Rank State Fatalities Rank State Fatalities Rank State Fatalities 1 Texas 1,437 2 Wisconsin Idaho 65 2 California 1, Indiana Hawaii 59 3 Florida Kentucky North Dakota 59 4 Pennsylvania Washington South Dakota 59 5 North Carolina Arkansas Utah 54 6 South Carolina Maryland Wyoming 54 7 Georgia New Jersey Maine 53 8 New York Colorado Delaware 48 9 Illinois Kansas Rhode Island 4 1 Ohio Oregon New Hampshire Louisiana West Virginia Vermont Missouri Minnesota Alaska Tennessee Massachusetts District of Columbia Alabama New Mexico 129 United States 12, Michigan Iowa Virginia Connecticut 114 Year Rank Fatalities 17 Oklahoma Montana Mississippi Nevada Arizona Nebraska Source: Morgan, K. O., & Morgan, S. 29; 21; 211 Missouri Legislative Academy 37

39 Crime and Punishment Missouri Legislative Academy 38

40 Violent Crime Rate per 1, Inhabitants: 21 Rank State Rate Rank State Rate Rank State Rate 1 District of Columbia United States Hawaii Nevada Georgia Rhode Island Alaska New York Oregon Delaware Alabama Wisconsin Tennessee Kansas Kentucky South Carolina Pennsylvania Minnesota New Mexico North Carolina North Dakota Louisiana Colorado Idaho Maryland Ohio Virginia Florida West Virginia Utah Arkansas Indiana Wyoming Michigan Washington New Hampshire Oklahoma New Jersey Vermont Massachusetts Connecticut Maine Missouri Nebraska Texas Iowa Year Rank Rate 17 California Montana Illinois Mississippi Arizona South Dakota Source: fbi.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 39

41 6 Property Crime Rate per 1, Inhabitants: Rank State Rate Rank State Rate Rank State Rate 1 District of Columbia Kansas Wyoming South Carolina Indiana Massachusetts Texas Oregon Virginia Washington Maryland Vermont Tennessee Mississippi Iowa Louisiana United States West Virginia Georgia Alaska Connecticut Arkansas Nevada New Hampshire Florida Michigan Pennsylvania Arizona Colorado New Jersey Alabama Illinois Idaho Delaware Nebraska New York North Carolina California South Dakota New Mexico Minnesota North Dakota Oklahoma Rhode Island Missouri Kentucky Year Rank Rate 17 Hawaii Montana Ohio Wisconsin Utah Maine Source: fbi.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 4

42 2, Prisoners in State Correctional Institutions: 29 15, 1, 5, Rank State Prisoners Rank State Prisoners Rank State Prisoners 1 California 171,275 2 South Carolina 24, West Virginia 6,367 2 Texas 171, Wisconsin 23,153 4 Hawaii 5,891 3 Florida 13, Colorado 22, Alaska 5,285 4 New York 58, Maryland 22, Nebraska 4,474 5 Georgia 53, Kentucky 21, Rhode Island 3,674 6 Ohio 51,66 25 Mississippi 21, Montana 3,65 7 Pennsylvania 51, Connecticut 19, South Dakota 3,434 8 Michigan 45, Washington 18, New Hampshire 2,731 9 Illinois 45, Arkansas 15,28 47 Vermont 2,22 1 Arizona 4, Oregon 14,43 48 Maine 2,26 11 North Carolina 39,86 3 Nevada 12, Wyoming 2,75 12 Louisiana 39,78 31 Massachusetts 11,316 5 North Dakota 1, Virginia 38,92 32 Minnesota 9,986 United States 1,45, Alabama 31, Iowa 8, Missouri 3, Kansas 8, Indiana 28,88 35 Idaho 7,4 Year Rank Prisoners 17 Tennessee 26, Delaware 6, , Oklahoma 26, Utah 6, , New Jersey 25, New Mexico 6, ,563 Source: Morgan, K. O., & Morgan, S. 29; 21; 211 Missouri Legislative Academy 41

43 Civic Engagement Missouri Legislative Academy 42

44 Voter Turnout Rate* - General Election: 21 Rank State Rate Rank State Rate Rank State Rate 1 Minnesota Rhode Island Louisiana 39 2 Maine Michigan Oklahoma Washington Missouri Virginia South Dakota California Arkansas Oregon Alabama Nebraska Wisconsin New Mexico Indiana Alaska Illinois Mississippi 37 8 Colorado Kentucky West Virginia Iowa 5 28 Idaho New Jersey Vermont Florida Utah Massachusetts Kansas New York Montana Pennsylvania Tennessee Delaware Nevada Texas Maryland 46.5 United States District of Columbia North Dakota Arizona Connecticut Georgia New Hampshire Hawaii 39.8 Year Rank Percent 18 Wyoming South Carolina Ohio North Carolina Source: elections.gmu.edu *Voter Turnout Rate is the vote for highest office divided by the voting-eligible population (VEP). In a midterm election, the vote for highest office is the highest vote tally for Governor, U.S. Senator, or combined House of Representatives. The voting-eligible population is the best estimate of the number of people eligible to vote. Missouri Legislative Academy 43

45 5 Volunteer Rate: Rank State Rate Rank State Rate Rank State Rate 1 Utah 43 2 Massachusetts California Minnesota 39 2 Ohio Louisiana South Dakota Virginia Texas 24 4 Wisconsin Oklahoma Arizona Iowa Michigan North Carolina Nebraska Maryland Kentucky Kansas New Hampshire Hawaii Vermont District of Columbia Georgia Idaho Illinois New Jersey Washington Pennsylvania New York Colorado Alabama Delaware Wyoming 32.6 United States Arkansas Maine Mississippi Nevada North Dakota Indiana Florida Connecticut West Virginia Montana New Mexico 25.5 Year Rank Rate 17 Oregon Rhode Island Missouri South Carolina Alaska Tennessee Source: volunteeringinamerica.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 44

46 Environment Missouri Legislative Academy 45

47 from Fossil Fuel:* 29 Rank State Million Metric Rank State Million Metric Rank State Million Metric Tons 2 1 Texas Wisconsin Nevada California Arizona Alaska Pennsylvania Colorado Connecticut Ohio Minnesota Montana Illinois West Virginia Hawaii Florida Iowa Maine Indiana South Carolina New Hampshire Louisiana Washington Idaho New York Kansas South Dakota Michigan Maryland Delaware Georgia Massachusetts Rhode Island Kentucky Utah Vermont North Carolina Wyoming District of Columbia Missouri Arkansas Alabama Mississippi 6.4 Year Rank Million Metric Tons 2 16 New Jersey New Mexico Virginia North Dakota Oklahoma Nebraska Tennessee Oregon Source: epa.gov *Carbon dioxide, a gas that contributes to global warming. Missouri Legislative Academy 46

48 8,, 7,, 6,, 5,, 4,, 3,, 2,, 1,, Toxic Releases - Total Pollution Released: 29 Rank State Pounds Rank State Pounds Rank State Pounds 1 Alaska 695,927,854 2 Mississippi 54,116, Washington 15,629,587 2 Texas 189,779, South Carolina 49,41,851 4 New Mexico 15,297,91 3 Nevada 183,371, Idaho 47,871, New Jersey 12,944,597 4 Ohio 158,58, Iowa 46,477,55 42 Maine 8,463,681 5 Utah 147,373, West Virginia 42,942,75 43 Delaware 8,85,313 6 Kentucky 142,67, Montana 41,169,93 44 Massachusetts 5,375,9 7 Indiana 132,74, California 36,718, South Dakota 4,589,642 8 Pennsylvania 12,4,38 27 Maryland 35,759, Connecticut 3,314,913 9 Louisiana 119,527,46 28 Arkansas 34,9, Hawaii 2,947,264 1 Illinois 95,68, Wisconsin 32,934, New Hampshire 2,899, Alabama 91,75,65 3 Nebraska 29,562, Rhode Island 395, Tennessee 89,11, Oklahoma 29,553,945 5 Vermont 262,3 13 Florida 84,941, Wyoming 24,96, District of Columbia 23,89 14 Georgia 79,824, New York 23,279,524 United States 3,367,548,94 15 Missouri 75,727, Minnesota 22,229,74 16 Michigan 7,746, North Dakota 21,24,56 Year Rank Pounds 17 North Carolina 63,582, Kansas 21,123, ,861, Arizona 6,899, Colorado 2,169, ,839, Virginia 56,35, Oregon 17,263, ,727,384 Source: Morgan, K. O., & Morgan, S. 29; 21; 211 Missouri Legislative Academy 47

49 8,, Toxic Releases - Total Air Emissions: 29 6,, 4,, 2,, Rank State Pounds Rank State Pounds Rank State Pounds 1 Ohio 75,123,76 2 Missouri 15,11, New Hampshire 2,668,581 2 Texas 62,696, Oklahoma 14,764,742 4 Montana 2,298,35 3 Pennsylvania 54,12, Wisconsin 14,593, Colorado 2,23,182 4 Florida 52,68, Arkansas 14,424, Hawaii 2,228,566 5 Georgia 5,26, California 9,47,79 43 Wyoming 2,72,352 6 Louisiana 45,678, New York 8,866, Connecticut 1,895,394 7 Kentucky 45,556,53 26 Minnesota 8,466, Nevada 1,632,94 8 Indiana 45,177, Kansas 8,11, South Dakota 1,43,56 9 North Carolina 35,138, Washington 6,948, New Mexico 1,9,664 1 Alabama 34,644, Utah 6,871, Alaska 523, Michigan 32,625,341 3 Oregon 6,48, Rhode Island 173, South Carolina 32,579,72 31 Nebraska 5,489,38 5 Vermont 25, Tennessee 31,946,16 32 New Jersey 4,326, District of Columbia 1, Maryland 3,57,84 33 Maine 3,85,48 United States 98,216, Illinois 29,269, North Dakota 3,594, Virginia 28,415,36 35 Massachusetts 3,247,46 Year Rank Pounds 17 West Virginia 27,8, Delaware 3,172, ,423, Iowa 18,121, Idaho 3,164, ,33,38 19 Mississippi 16,2,94 38 Arizona 2,676, ,11,172 Source: Morgan, K. O., & Morgan, S. 29; 21; 211 Missouri Legislative Academy 48

50 2,,. Gasoline Consumption: 29 15,,. 1,,. 5,,.. Rank State Gallons Rank State Gallons Rank State Gallons 1 California 17,559, Washington 3,287, Idaho 891, Texas 15,776, Wisconsin 3,196, Maine 851, Florida 9,658, Massachusetts 3,168, New Hampshire 81, New York 7,4, Minnesota 3,15, Montana 733, Pennsylvania 6,463, Louisiana 2,991, Wyoming 694, Ohio 6,356, Kentucky 2,959, South Dakota 648, Illinois 6,35, Colorado 2,622, North Dakota 57, Georgia 6,87, Oklahoma 2,572, Alaska 559, North Carolina 5,367, Iowa 2,259, Delaware 513, Michigan 5,343, Mississippi 2,13, Hawaii 51, New Jersey 5,34, Arkansas 2,55, Rhode Island 448, Virginia 4,887, Oregon 2,43, Vermont 385, Indiana 4,22, Connecticut 1,782, District of Columbia 133, Missouri 4,152, Kansas 1,769,433.6 United States 171,957, Tennessee 3,989, Utah 1,47, Maryland 3,396, Nevada 1,419,515.7 Year Rank Gallons 17 Arizona 3,367, New Mexico 1,397, ,33, South Carolina 3,364, Nebraska 1,218, ,17, Alabama 3,29, West Virginia 1,16, ,152,96.65 Source: fhwa.dot.gov Missouri Legislative Academy 49

51 Snapshot Missouri: A National Comparison Missouri Legislative Academy 5