5 PANEL CONFIGURATION SCHEMATIC

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1 5 PANEL CONFIGURATION SCHEMATIC 36 WIDE BY 24 TALL PANELS WITH 12 SPACING ORIGINS COMMUNITY BUSINESSES CHURCHES RECREATION LIVING AND LEARNING GREEN VALLEY DOUBLE ANGLE

2 National Archives and Records Administration An early resident of Nauck was William Augustus Rowe. Rowe purchased 5 acres from Sewell Corbett for $500 in A former slave according to family history, Rowe was an active member of the Freedman s Village community, leader of the Alexandria County Radical Republicans, and elected to numerous political positions. Library of Congress Military map of N.E. Virginia, showing forts and roads, Arrows point to the property of Levi Jones (left) and Anthony Fraser (right). ORIGINS OF Levi Jones was the first African American to own land in what is now Nauck. He purchased a 14-acre property in 1844 to likely be closer to Sarah Ann Gardner, his wife, who was enslaved at the nearby Green Valley Manor. Jones farm consisted of a log cabin and two barns. After his death in 1886, Sarah subdivided the property and conveyed the majority of the land to family. left: Map of Alexandria County, Virginia, for the Virginia Title Company, 1900, with its boundary outlined. right: 2015 boundary of Nauck in red, with the 1900 boundary outline overlay. The community has long been associated with the name Green Valley, referencing the area s pre-twentieth century landscape and the Green Valley Manor. Anthony Fraser and Presha Lee built Green Valley Manor in 1821 on what is now the Army-Navy Country Club. Library of Congress After the Civil War, African American families including Thorton and Selina Gray, William Augustus and Ellen Rowe, and Frank and Mary Williams moved to present-day Nauck. In 1876, John D. Nauck, a German immigrant, subdivided 69 acres to create the Town of Nauck, Alexandria County, Virginia. The prolonged continual threat and eventual closing of Freedman s Village led its residents to migrate to nearby communities such as Nauck, Johnson s Hill, Arlingtonville, and Holmesville. The arrival of the electric railway in Nauck allowed for additional employment opportunities in Rosslyn and Washington, D.C. The expansion of the neighborhood, however, halted as a result of the 1902 Virginia Constitution that restricted the rights of African Americans in Virginians. To accommodate more people, black landowners began to subdivide their land, but the neighborhood boundaries largely remained unchanged. The issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, led to an influx of African Americans to the region and prompted the establishment of Freedman s Village by military officials. Freedman s Village, located on what is now Arlington Cemetery, served as one of the first experiences out of bondage for thousands of African Americans. Intended as a temporary accommodation for newly freed slaves, the objective of the camp was to provide its residents protection, education, instruction, and employment. They then invested in the community and continued to live on the property for another 30 years.

3 Lloyd Wolf Photography James Chinn established the Chinn Funeral Service in Robert Baker purchased the business in 1969 and it continues to be operated by members of the Baker family today as the Chinn Baker Funeral Home. Collins Family Photo Virginia Tech Barber shops have been a mainstay of the community. Galvester Crawley, a previous employee of Majestic Barber Shop, established Star Barber around Current owner Ronald Marshall (seen here), who began working at the shop as a barber in 1965, purchased the business in Ralph Collins, shown here with his wife, Corneila C. Collins, a beautician, founded Friendly Taxi Cab Company in 1952, as a reaction to the segregation at Arlington Hospital. Services for African American patients were limited and mothers were expected to travel to D.C. to give birth. Collins recognized this struggle and sought to create reliable hospital transportation for the residents of the community. The Green Valley Pharmacy, founded in 1952, is a Local Historic District and an important part of Arlington s history. Among the most recognized and cherished businesses in Nauck, Green Valley Pharmacy helped to shape and define the local community for generations of its residents. COMMUNITY BUSINESSES The entrepreneurial spirit of the Nauck/Green Valley community was born of necessity. Nauck businesses evolved in the shadow of segregation and business owners stepped up to supply services to their community that otherwise were denied to them. These businesses evolved with the community and many continue to support the needs of Arlington residents. Leonard Doc Muse founded Green Valley Pharmacy in 1952, and was its sole operator until his death iºn The Pharmacy was especially popular for its dine-in lunch counter in the early days, an order of two hot dogs cost just 25 cents.

4 Mount Zion Baptist Church Collection Mount Zion Baptist Church Collection Mount Zion Baptist Church, ca Our Lady, Queen of Peace Catholic Church Collection Methodists were the first religious denomination to establish a church at Freedman s Village. Little Zion Church, now LOMAX A.M.E. ZION CHURCH, was first organized in Freedman s Village in The congregation moved to its present location during the 1870s and paid $75 for the land in The present brick building was built in 1922 and designed by Romulus Cornelius Archer Jr., the second African American licensed architect in Washington, D.C. The church and the cemetery became a Local Historic District in 1984 and were added to the National Register of Historic Places in The second church established at Freedman s Village in 1866 was MOUNT ZION BAPTIST CHURCH. Through a history of multiple structures and locations, the church persevered building on its current site in Nauck in OUR LADY QUEEN OF PEACE was the first Catholic Church for African Americans in Arlington, established in 1945 and dedicated in PLACES OF WORSHIP Churches fulfilled a critical role in the growth and development of the Nauck community. These churches served as social and spiritual anchors while providing sanctuary for generations of Nauck residents. MACEDONIA BAPTIST CHURCH started when members of the community held informal prayer gatherings in Three years later, the worshipers organized the first Baptist church in Nauck. Macedonia Baptist Church dedicated its first building (shown above) in To meet the needs of it expanding congregation, the congregation church moved to the present church at 22nd Street South in 1971.

5 RECREATION Informal recreation activities, such as roller skating with friends, like the above photo circa 1950s, were also enjoyed by much of the youth in the community. The Veterans Memorial YMCA was dedicated in The Y (now Macedonia Baptist Church Family Life Center) featured a 25-meter swimming pool and other recreational facilities. It provided one of the only opportunities to expose African American children to swimming at an early age as they were not allowed at other neighboring pools. Various forms of recreation further helped unite the Nauck community. Parks Department facilities during segregation were limited Jennie Dean Park in Green Valley had outdoor play fields and tennis courts accessible to Arlington s African American citizens at the time. Neighbors gathered to enjoy seasonal sports, loyalty to local teams, and social dancing. These shared recreational activities were an important part of life in Nauck. Music was a popular pastime in the community, among both youth and adults seen here a group of girls posing with their trumpets. Ernest Johnson, far left, led the Arlington Department of Parks and Recreation while Arlington County had a segregated recreation system. On May 7, 1958, Nauck Citizens Association became the first African American group to be admitted to the Arlington County Civic Federation. Original plan for Jennie Dean Park from the 1948/1949 Arlington County Annual Report By the 1950s Green Valley Ball Park was located at present day Jennie Dean Park. The park featured amateur African American baseball games. Pictured above is the Green Valley Black Socks Baseball team, formed by Arlington s African American community, circa The park was named after Jennie Serepta Dean, a former slave who founded the Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth. Pageants were also a joyous past time of the Nauck community. Pictured here are the Miss Recreation pageant contestants of 1959 Pageant contestants from left to right: Miss Hoffman-Boston, Miss Jennie Dean, Miss Barnard and Miss Langston.

6 Library of Virginia Kemper School, 1942 National Parks Services In 1876, the Arlington School District established Kemper School No. 4. The Lomax A.M.E Zion Church housed the school from its opening until The School Board built a one-room school in In 1894, a new two-story brick school was constructed at South Lincoln Street. Ada S. Gray, one of the first teachers at Kemper School, labored on behalf of her students and instructed them in all subjects. Born into slavery in 1858 at Arlington House, Gray received part of her education at the Normal Institute, Howard University. She taught at Kemper School from 1876 to The Kemper School was renamed to Drew Elementary in 1952 to honor Dr. Charles R. Drew, a resident of nearby Arlington View and a prominent physician. In 1971 the Drew Model School became a county-wide magnet school. In 2000 the historic school (pictured above in 1996) was demolished and replaced with the current building. A community center is also located within the present day school. National Archives and Records Administration Schools in the Nauck community began as a local community initiative. As the population of Nauck grew, schools and housing quickly became insufficient. Leaders sought solutions to accommodate the growing population. Residents and students struggled through segregation and also faced challenges during the integration of Arlington schools. LIVING AND LEARNING Following World War II, some of the African Americans displaced by the construction of the Pentagon settled in Dunbar Homes, which were constructed by the Federal government and designed by the noted African American architect, Albert Irvin Cassell. In 1949, 86 families formed the Dunbar Mutual Homes Association and purchased their homes from the government. The homes were eventually demolished in 2006 and a historic marker now stands at the corner of South Kemper and South Shirlington roads. Charles R. Drew was an African American surgeon and researcher who organized America's first large-scale blood bank and trained a generation of African American physicians at Howard University. Drew was born in 1904 in Washington, D.C. and died in a car accident in 1950 at the age of 45.